使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

pylint是一个不错的代码静态检查工具。将其配置在pycharm中，随时对代码进行分析，确保所有代码都符合pep8规范，以便于养成良好的习惯，将来受用无穷。

第一步，配置pylint

- program: python安装目录下scripts/pylint.exe

- arguments: --output-format=parseable --disable=R -rn --msg-template="{abspath}:{line}: [{msg_id}({symbol}), {obj}] {msg}" $FilePath$

- working firectory: $FileDir$

第二步，使用pylint

第三步，查看输出

补充知识：pylint在pycharm的使用及pylint的配置

pylint作为python代码风格检查工具，接近 PEP8风格，在使用此方法的过程中，发现不仅能让代码更加规范，优雅，更能 发现 隐藏的bug。

pylint在Pycharm中的2种安装方式；

第一种效果展示（优点：通过点击错误点，自动定位到文件位置，省时）：

安装步骤在：https://github.com/leinardi/pylint-pycharm中;

我的设置如下：

使用方法：单文件 检查：先点击 某个文件内容，再点击 绿色开始的箭头 即可；

还可以 整个项目检查，只检查改变的文件 等等；

第二种安装使用效果展示（缺点：需要手动的找到错误文件位置，耗时）：

安装步骤在：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38134086/how-to-run-pylint-with-pycharm

注意点：

使用方法：文件 或文件夹 右击 选择 External Tools => Pylint 即可

2种安装方式总结：

a.通过pycharm的pylint检测 对 忽略检测文件的的 功能失效，此功能 必须 通过命令行才可使用

b.建议使用第一种方式 安装及使用，因为 省时省力

pylint 忽略 文件夹的正确配置及使用操作：

示范 项目结构如图 （忽略检查app和 venv 文件夹的所有文件）：

在配置文件中 的 [MASTER]的ignore 的 添加 app,venv 或者 在命令行 中 如下：pylint --ignore app,venv project_name 即可（注意多个忽略之间用 逗号 隔开）；

通过命令行（不是pycharm的工具） 运行 脚本即可；命令为 pylint --rcfile=D:\python3.6\pylint_conf\pylint.conf project_name

pylint 禁用某些功能的方法：

在配置文件中的 [MESSAGES CONTROL] 的 disable 添加 想禁用的功能；

如：报错如下;

则 在 disable尾部添加 missing-docstring 即可；

pylint在行级别的代码中 禁用某些功能（也就是 不对所有代码禁用某个检测，只对某行代码禁用某个检测）：

教程地址：https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/message-control.html

实例：

在一行代码的 后面 添加注释，便只忽略检查某一行；

在一个文件的 单独一行 使用 则 此行以下 被忽略；

pylint的配置：

注意点：pylint默认的配置 无法 满足实际的开发需求，需要自行调整；如下代码 为 自行调整的结果；

[MASTER]

# A comma-separated list of package or module names from where C extensions may
# be loaded. Extensions are loading into the active Python interpreter and may
# run arbitrary code.
extension-pkg-whitelist=

# Add files or directories to the blacklist. They should be base names, not
# paths. 选择需要忽略检查的文件夹（在pycharm中使用pylint工具忽略文件夹无效，只能在命令行中生效:pylint --ignore weixin,lib project_name）
ignore=app,venv,install_file,libs

# Add files or directories matching the regex patterns to the blacklist. The
# regex matches against base names, not paths.
ignore-patterns=

# Python code to execute, usually for sys.path manipulation such as
# pygtk.require().
#init-hook=

# Use multiple processes to speed up Pylint. Specifying 0 will auto-detect the
# number of processors available to use.
jobs=1

# Control the amount of potential inferred values when inferring a single
# object. This can help the performance when dealing with large functions or
# complex, nested conditions.
limit-inference-results=100

# List of plugins (as comma separated values of python modules names) to load,
# usually to register additional checkers.
load-plugins=

# Pickle collected data for later comparisons.
persistent=no

# Specify a configuration file.
#rcfile=

# When enabled, pylint would attempt to guess common misconfiguration and emit
# user-friendly hints instead of false-positive error messages.
suggestion-mode=yes

# Allow loading of arbitrary C extensions. Extensions are imported into the
# active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code.
unsafe-load-any-extension=no

[MESSAGES CONTROL]

# Only show warnings with the listed confidence levels. Leave empty to show
# all. Valid levels: HIGH, INFERENCE, INFERENCE_FAILURE, UNDEFINED.
confidence=

# Disable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You
# can either give multiple identifiers separated by comma (,) or put this
# option multiple times (only on the command line, not in the configuration
# file where it should appear only once). You can also use "--disable=all" to
# disable everything first and then reenable specific checks. For example, if
# you want to run only the similarities checker, you can use "--disable=all
# --enable=similarities". If you want to run only the classes checker, but have
# no Warning level messages displayed, use "--disable=all --enable=classes
# --disable=W". 禁用pylint的某些模块 如 显示： Missing class docstring (missing-docstring) 则 添加 括号中的 missing-docstring 到变量中
disable=print-statement,
  parameter-unpacking,
  unpacking-in-except,
  old-raise-syntax,
  backtick,
  long-suffix,
  old-ne-operator,
  old-octal-literal,
  import-star-module-level,
  non-ascii-bytes-literal,
  raw-checker-failed,
  bad-inline-option,
  locally-disabled,
  file-ignored,
  suppressed-message,
  useless-suppression,
  deprecated-pragma,
  use-symbolic-message-instead,
  apply-builtin,
  basestring-builtin,
  buffer-builtin,
  cmp-builtin,
  coerce-builtin,
  execfile-builtin,
  file-builtin,
  long-builtin,
  raw_input-builtin,
  reduce-builtin,
  standarderror-builtin,
  unicode-builtin,
  xrange-builtin,
  coerce-method,
  delslice-method,
  getslice-method,
  setslice-method,
  no-absolute-import,
  old-division,
  dict-iter-method,
  dict-view-method,
  next-method-called,
  metaclass-assignment,
  indexing-exception,
  raising-string,
  reload-builtin,
  oct-method,
  hex-method,
  nonzero-method,
  cmp-method,
  input-builtin,
  round-builtin,
  intern-builtin,
  unichr-builtin,
  map-builtin-not-iterating,
  zip-builtin-not-iterating,
  range-builtin-not-iterating,
  filter-builtin-not-iterating,
  using-cmp-argument,
  eq-without-hash,
  div-method,
  idiv-method,
  rdiv-method,
  exception-message-attribute,
  invalid-str-codec,
  sys-max-int,
  bad-python3-import,
  deprecated-string-function,
  deprecated-str-translate-call,
  deprecated-itertools-function,
  deprecated-types-field,
  next-method-defined,
  dict-items-not-iterating,
  dict-keys-not-iterating,
  dict-values-not-iterating,
  deprecated-operator-function,
  deprecated-urllib-function,
  xreadlines-attribute,
  deprecated-sys-function,
  exception-escape,
  comprehension-escape,
  wrong-import-position, # 去掉 文件导入位置,不符合实际需求
  logging-not-lazy, # 去掉 日志打印相关
  missing-docstring,
  unnecessary-pass, # 去掉 判断 空函数 不能加pass的校验
  redefined-builtin, # 去掉 命名和 python内置函数名或类名冲突 的校验，如 python的next()函数，则变量不能命名为next
  no-self-use, # 去掉 类中没有自己调用的 检测
  too-few-public-methods, # 去掉 检测 类中方法太少 的功能
  no-else-return, # 去掉 if中有return,else中不能有return的 校验
  no-else-raise, # 去掉 if中有raise,else中不能有raise的 校验

# Enable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You can
# either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option
# multiple time (only on the command line, not in the configuration file where
# it should appear only once). See also the "--disable" option for examples.
enable=c-extension-no-member

[REPORTS]

# Python expression which should return a note less than 10 (10 is the highest
# note). You have access to the variables errors warning, statement which
# respectively contain the number of errors / warnings messages and the total
# number of statements analyzed. This is used by the global evaluation report
# (RP0004).
evaluation=10.0 - ((float(5 * error + warning + refactor + convention) / statement) * 10)

# Template used to display messages. This is a python new-style format string
# used to format the message information. See doc for all details.
#msg-template=

# Set the output format. Available formats are text, parseable, colorized, json
# and msvs (visual studio). You can also give a reporter class, e.g.
# mypackage.mymodule.MyReporterClass.
output-format=colorized

# Tells whether to display a full report or only the messages.
reports=yes

# Activate the evaluation score.
score=yes

[REFACTORING]

# Maximum number of nested blocks for function / method body;函数或方法的最大嵌套块数
max-nested-blocks=5

# Complete name of functions that never returns. When checking for
# inconsistent-return-statements if a never returning function is called then
# it will be considered as an explicit return statement and no message will be
# printed.
never-returning-functions=sys.exit

[BASIC]
# 基础设置
# Naming style matching correct argument names. 参数命名风格
argument-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct argument names. Overrides argument-
# naming-style. 不能有大写字母
argument-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

# Naming style matching correct attribute names.属性命名风格
attr-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct attribute names. Overrides attr-naming-
# style.不能有大写字母
attr-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

# Bad variable names which should always be refused, separated by a comma. 应该被拒绝的变量命名 穷举，用逗号隔开
bad-names=foo,
   bar,
   baz,
   toto,
   tutu,
   tata

# Naming style matching correct class attribute names.类属性命名风格
class-attribute-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct class attribute names. Overrides class-
# attribute-naming-style.
#class-attribute-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct class names.类命名风格
class-naming-style=PascalCase

# Regular expression matching correct class names. Overrides class-naming-
# style.
#class-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct constant names.常量命名风格
const-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct constant names. Overrides const-naming-
# style.
#const-rgx=

# Minimum line length for functions/classes that require docstrings, shorter
# ones are exempt. 函数或类 的文档注释的最短长度
docstring-min-length=-1

# Naming style matching correct function names. 函数命名风格
function-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct function names. Overrides function-
# naming-style.
#function-rgx=

# Good variable names which should always be accepted, separated by a comma.好的 变量命名 穷举，用逗号隔开
good-names=i,
   j,
   k,
   ex,
   Run,
   _

# Include a hint for the correct naming format with invalid-name.
include-naming-hint=no

# Naming style matching correct inline iteration names.
inlinevar-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct inline iteration names. Overrides
# inlinevar-naming-style.
#inlinevar-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct method names.
method-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct method names. Overrides method-naming-
# style.
#method-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct module names.
module-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct module names. Overrides module-naming-
# style.
#module-rgx=

# Colon-delimited sets of names that determine each other's naming style when
# the name regexes allow several styles.
name-group=

# Regular expression which should only match function or class names that do
# not require a docstring. 不需要文档注释的函数或类 的 匹配的正则；如下为 匹配除了以_开头 的 其他函数或类
no-docstring-rgx=^_

# List of decorators that produce properties, such as abc.abstractproperty. Add
# to this list to register other decorators that produce valid properties.
# These decorators are taken in consideration only for invalid-name. 不理解
property-classes=abc.abstractproperty

# Naming style matching correct variable names. 变量命名风格
variable-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct variable names. Overrides variable-
# naming-style. 变量命名风格 正则匹配 覆盖上面的 本规则：不能有大写字母
variable-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

[FORMAT]
# 格式的设置
# Expected format of line ending, e.g. empty (空字符), LF(换行) or CRLF(回车并换行). 行结束的预期格式;
expected-line-ending-format=

# Regexp for a line that is allowed to be longer than the limit. 运行超过行长度的 符合正则的 字符；如下为：注释的http或https请求
ignore-long-lines=^\s*(# )?<?https?://\S+>?$

# Number of spaces of indent required inside a hanging or continued line. 行缩进数
indent-after-paren=4

# String used as indentation unit. This is usually " " (4 spaces) or "\t" (1
# tab). 字符串缩进
indent-string=' '

# Maximum number of characters on a single line. 最大行字符长度
max-line-length=125

# Maximum number of lines in a module. 一个文件最大行数
max-module-lines=1000

# List of optional constructs for which whitespace checking is disabled. `dict-
# separator` is used to allow tabulation in dicts, etc.: {1 : 1,\n222: 2}.
# `trailing-comma` allows a space between comma and closing bracket: (a, ).
# `empty-line` allows space-only lines. 没有空格的检查
no-space-check=trailing-comma,
    dict-separator

# Allow the body of a class to be on the same line as the declaration if body
# contains single statement. 允许类的主体与声明在同一行
single-line-class-stmt=no

# Allow the body of an if to be on the same line as the test if there is no
# else. 不理解
single-line-if-stmt=no

[LOGGING]

# Format style used to check logging format string. `old` means using %
# formatting, while `new` is for `{}` formatting. 日志代码风格 old:'%s' % ('日志内容'); new: '{}'.format('日志内容')
# 此方法 目前不支持 new的方式，禁用可在 disable 中 添加 logging-format-interpolation
logging-format-style=new

# Logging modules to check that the string format arguments are in logging
# function parameter format.
logging-modules=logging

[MISCELLANEOUS]

# List of note tags to take in consideration, separated by a comma.注释标签列表
notes=FIXME,
  XXX,
  TODO

[SIMILARITIES]
# 相似性
# Ignore comments when computing similarities.
ignore-comments=yes

# Ignore docstrings when computing similarities.
ignore-docstrings=yes

# Ignore imports when computing similarities.
ignore-imports=no

# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
min-similarity-lines=4

[SPELLING]

# Limits count of emitted suggestions for spelling mistakes.不理解
max-spelling-suggestions=4

# Spelling dictionary name. Available dictionaries: none. To make it working
# install python-enchant package.. 拼写词典名字
spelling-dict=

# List of comma separated words that should not be checked.拼写忽略的单词
spelling-ignore-words=

# A path to a file that contains private dictionary; one word per line.
spelling-private-dict-file=

# Tells whether to store unknown words to indicated private dictionary in
# --spelling-private-dict-file option instead of raising a message.
spelling-store-unknown-words=no

[STRING]

# This flag controls whether the implicit-str-concat-in-sequence should
# generate a warning on implicit string concatenation in sequences defined over
# several lines.不理解
check-str-concat-over-line-jumps=no

[TYPECHECK]

# List of decorators that produce context managers, such as
# contextlib.contextmanager. Add to this list to register other decorators that
# produce valid context managers.
contextmanager-decorators=contextlib.contextmanager

# List of members which are set dynamically and missed by pylint inference
# system, and so shouldn't trigger E1101 when accessed. Python regular
# expressions are accepted.
generated-members=

# Tells whether missing members accessed in mixin class should be ignored. A
# mixin class is detected if its name ends with "mixin" (case insensitive).
ignore-mixin-members=yes

# Tells whether to warn about missing members when the owner of the attribute
# is inferred to be None.
ignore-none=yes

# This flag controls whether pylint should warn about no-member and similar
# checks whenever an opaque object is returned when inferring. The inference
# can return multiple potential results while evaluating a Python object, but
# some branches might not be evaluated, which results in partial inference. In
# that case, it might be useful to still emit no-member and other checks for
# the rest of the inferred objects.
ignore-on-opaque-inference=yes

# List of class names for which member attributes should not be checked (useful
# for classes with dynamically set attributes). This supports the use of
# qualified names.
ignored-classes=optparse.Values,thread._local,_thread._local

# List of module names for which member attributes should not be checked
# (useful for modules/projects where namespaces are manipulated during runtime
# and thus existing member attributes cannot be deduced by static analysis. It
# supports qualified module names, as well as Unix pattern matching.
ignored-modules=

# Show a hint with possible names when a member name was not found. The aspect
# of finding the hint is based on edit distance.
missing-member-hint=yes

# The minimum edit distance a name should have in order to be considered a
# similar match for a missing member name.
missing-member-hint-distance=1

# The total number of similar names that should be taken in consideration when
# showing a hint for a missing member.
missing-member-max-choices=1

[VARIABLES]

# List of additional names supposed to be defined in builtins. Remember that
# you should avoid defining new builtins when possible.
additional-builtins=

# Tells whether unused global variables should be treated as a violation.
allow-global-unused-variables=yes

# List of strings which can identify a callback function by name. A callback
# name must start or end with one of those strings.
callbacks=cb_,
   _cb

# A regular expression matching the name of dummy variables (i.e. expected to
# not be used).
dummy-variables-rgx=_+$|(_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?$)|dummy|^ignored_|^unused_

# Argument names that match this expression will be ignored. Default to name
# with leading underscore.
ignored-argument-names=_.*|^ignored_|^unused_

# Tells whether we should check for unused import in __init__ files.对于__init__文件的 导入不用检查是否被使用
init-import=no

# List of qualified module names which can have objects that can redefine
# builtins.
redefining-builtins-modules=six.moves,past.builtins,future.builtins,builtins,io

[CLASSES]

# List of method names used to declare (i.e. assign) instance attributes.
defining-attr-methods=__init__,
      __new__,
      setUp

# List of member names, which should be excluded from the protected access
# warning.
exclude-protected=_asdict,
     _fields,
     _replace,
     _source,
     _make

# List of valid names for the first argument in a class method.
valid-classmethod-first-arg=cls

# List of valid names for the first argument in a metaclass class method.
valid-metaclass-classmethod-first-arg=cls

[DESIGN]

# Maximum number of arguments for function / method.一个函数或方法的最大参数个数
max-args=8

# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).一个类最多的属性个数
max-attributes=15

# Maximum number of boolean expressions in an if statement.if语句中的最大布尔表达式个数
max-bool-expr=5

# Maximum number of branch for function / method body.一个函数或方法最大的分支个数（if else 个数）
max-branches=15

# Maximum number of locals for function / method body. 最大局部变量个数
max-locals=30

# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).类的最大父类个数
max-parents=7

# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).类中公共方法个数
max-public-methods=50

# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body.一个函数最大return个数
max-returns=10

# Maximum number of statements in function / method body.
max-statements=100

# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
min-public-methods=2

[IMPORTS]

# Allow wildcard imports from modules that define __all__.
allow-wildcard-with-all=no

# Analyse import fallback blocks. This can be used to support both Python 2 and
# 3 compatible code, which means that the block might have code that exists
# only in one or another interpreter, leading to false positives when analysed.
analyse-fallback-blocks=no

# Deprecated modules which should not be used, separated by a comma.不该被使用的废弃模块
deprecated-modules=optparse,tkinter.tix

# Create a graph of external dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
# not be disabled).
ext-import-graph=

# Create a graph of every (i.e. internal and external) dependencies in the
# given file (report RP0402 must not be disabled).
import-graph=

# Create a graph of internal dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
# not be disabled).
int-import-graph=

# Force import order to recognize a module as part of the standard
# compatibility libraries.
known-standard-library=

# Force import order to recognize a module as part of a third party library.
known-third-party=enchant

[EXCEPTIONS]

# Exceptions that will emit a warning when being caught. Defaults to
# "BaseException, Exception". 捕获的异常包含 Exception,BaseException会被 警告显示，这里 去掉了 Exception(因为代码里基本都是这种异常)
overgeneral-exceptions=BaseException,

# 其他注释
#报错 详解 http://pylint.pycqa.org/en/latest/technical_reference/features.html
# inconsistent-return-statements 当函数中 if 有return else 没有resturn

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