Python爬取城市租房信息实战分享

目录
  • 一、单线程爬虫
  • 二、优化为多线程爬虫
  • 三、使用asyncio进一步优化
  • 四、存入Mysql数据库
    • （一）建表
    • （二）将数据存入数据库中
  • 五、最终效果图 （已打码）

思路：先单线程爬虫，测试可以成功爬取之后再优化为多线程，最后存入数据库

以爬取郑州市租房信息为例

注意：本实战项目仅以学习为目的，为避免给网站造成太大压力，请将代码中的num修改成较小的数字，并将线程改小

一、单线程爬虫

# 用session取代requests
# 解析库使用bs4
# 并发库使用concurrent
import requests
# from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib import parse
import re
import time
 
headers = {
    'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; city=zz; integratecover=1; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613371106.1613371106.1; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613371106.1.1.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; ASP.NET_SessionId=aamzdnhzct4i5mx3ak4cyoyp; Rent_StatLog=23d82b94-13d6-4601-9019-ce0225c092f6; Captcha=61584F355169576F3355317957376E4F6F7552365351342B7574693561766E63785A70522F56557370586E3376585853346651565256574F37694B7074576B2B34536C5747715856516A4D3D; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; unique_cookie=U_ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft*6; __utmb=147393320.12.10.1613371106'
}
data={
    'agentbid':''
}
 
session = requests.session()
session.headers = headers
 
# 获取页面
def getHtml(url):
    try:
        re = session.get(url)
        re.encoding = re.apparent_encoding
        return re.text
    except:
        print(re.status_code)
 
# 获取页面总数量
def getNum(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
    # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
    num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
    return num
 
# 获取详细链接
def getLink(tex):
    soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
    links=soup.select('.title a')
    for link in links:
        href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
        hrefs.append(href)
 
# 解析页面
def parsePage(url):
    res=session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
        try:
            title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
            price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
            block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
            building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
            try:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
            except:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
            detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail=detail1+detail2
            name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
            buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
            phone=getPhone(buserid)
            print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
            house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
            info.append(house)
        except:
            pass
    else:
        print(re.status_code,re.text)
 
# 获取代理人号码
def getPhone(buserid):
    url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
    data['agentbid']=buserid
    res=session.post(url,data=data)
    if res.status_code==200:
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
        return
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    hrefs=[]
    info=[]
    init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
    num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
    for i in range(0,num):
        url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
        text=getHtml(url)
        getLink(text)
    print(hrefs)
    for href in hrefs:
        parsePage(href)
 
    print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
    print("共耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
    session.close()

二、优化为多线程爬虫

# 用session取代requests
# 解析库使用bs4
# 并发库使用concurrent
import requests
# from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from urllib import parse
import re
import time
 
headers = {
    'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e6%96%b0%e5%af%86%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014868%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613558547.1613575774.5; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613575774.5.4.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=4937566532507336644D6557347143746B5A6A6B4A7A48445A422F2F6A51746C67516F31357446573052634562725162316152533247514250736F72775566574A2B33514357304B6976343D; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; __utmb=147393320.9.10.1613575774; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*4'
}
data={
    'agentbid':''
}
 
session = requests.session()
session.headers = headers
 
# 获取页面
def getHtml(url):
    res = session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
 
# 获取页面总数量
def getNum(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
    # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
    num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
    return num
 
# 获取详细链接
def getLink(url):
    text=getHtml(url)
    soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
    links=soup.select('.title a')
    for link in links:
        href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
        hrefs.append(href)
 
# 解析页面
def parsePage(url):
    res=session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
        try:
            title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
            price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
            block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
            building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
            try:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
            except:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
            detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail=detail1+detail2
            name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
            buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
            phone=getPhone(buserid)
            print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
            house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
            info.append(house)
        except:
            pass
    else:
        print(re.status_code,re.text)
 
# 获取代理人号码
def getPhone(buserid):
    url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
    data['agentbid']=buserid
    res=session.post(url,data=data)
    if res.status_code==200:
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
        return
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    hrefs=[]
    info=[]
    init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
    num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
        for i in range(0,num):
            url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
            t.submit(getLink,url)
    print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
    print(hrefs)
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
        for href in hrefs:
            t.submit(parsePage,href)
    print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
    print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
    session.close()

三、使用asyncio进一步优化

# 用session取代requests
# 解析库使用bs4
# 并发库使用concurrent
import requests
# from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from urllib import parse
import re
import time
import asyncio
 
headers = {
    'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e6%96%b0%e5%af%86%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014868%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613558547.1613575774.5; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613575774.5.4.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=4937566532507336644D6557347143746B5A6A6B4A7A48445A422F2F6A51746C67516F31357446573052634562725162316152533247514250736F72775566574A2B33514357304B6976343D; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; __utmb=147393320.9.10.1613575774; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*4'
}
data={
    'agentbid':''
}
 
session = requests.session()
session.headers = headers
 
# 获取页面
def getHtml(url):
    res = session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
 
# 获取页面总数量
def getNum(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
    # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
    num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
    return num
 
# 获取详细链接
def getLink(url):
    text=getHtml(url)
    soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
    links=soup.select('.title a')
    for link in links:
        href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
        hrefs.append(href)
 
# 解析页面
def parsePage(url):
    res=session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
        try:
            title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
            price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
            block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
            building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
            try:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
            except:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
            detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail=detail1+detail2
            name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
            buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
            phone=getPhone(buserid)
            print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
            house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
            info.append(house)
        except:
            pass
    else:
        print(re.status_code,re.text)
 
# 获取代理人号码
def getPhone(buserid):
    url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
    data['agentbid']=buserid
    res=session.post(url,data=data)
    if res.status_code==200:
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
        return
 
# 获取详细链接的线程池
async def Pool1(num):
    loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task=[]
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
        for i in range(0,num):
            url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
            task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,getLink,url))
 
# 解析页面的线程池
async def Pool2(hrefs):
    loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task=[]
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
        for href in hrefs:
            task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,parsePage,href))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    hrefs=[]
    info=[]
    task=[]
    init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
    num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(Pool1(num))
    print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
    print(hrefs)
    loop.run_until_complete(Pool2(hrefs))
    loop.close()
    print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
    print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
    session.close()

四、存入Mysql数据库

（一）建表

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy import String, Integer, Column, Text
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session  # 多线程爬虫时避免出现线程安全问题
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 
BASE = declarative_base()  # 实例化
engine = create_engine(
    "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/pytest?charset=utf8",
    max_overflow=300,  # 超出连接池大小最多可以创建的连接
    pool_size=100,  # 连接池大小
    echo=False,  # 不显示调试信息
)
 
 
class House(BASE):
    __tablename__ = 'house'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    title=Column(String(200))
    price=Column(String(200))
    block=Column(String(200))
    building=Column(String(200))
    address=Column(String(200))
    detail=Column(Text())
    name=Column(String(20))
    phone=Column(String(20))
 
 
BASE.metadata.create_all(engine)
Session = sessionmaker(engine)
sess = scoped_session(Session)

（二）将数据存入数据库中

# 用session取代requests
# 解析库使用bs4
# 并发库使用concurrent
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from urllib import parse
from mysqldb import sess, House
import re
import time
import asyncio
 
headers = {
    'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; __utmc=147393320; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613575774.1613580597.6; __utmz=147393320.1613580597.6.5.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; Rent_StatLog=c158b2a7-4622-45a9-9e69-dcf6f42cf577; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e7%bb%8f%e5%bc%80%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014871%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=6B65716A41454739794D666864397178613772676C75447A4E746C657144775A347A6D42554F446532357649643062344F6976756E563450554E59594B7833712B413579506C4B684958343D; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*14; __utmb=147393320.21.10.1613580597'
}
data={
    'agentbid':''
}
 
session = requests.session()
session.headers = headers
 
# 获取页面
def getHtml(url):
    res = session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
 
# 获取页面总数量
def getNum(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
    # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
    num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
    return num
 
# 获取详细链接
def getLink(url):
    text=getHtml(url)
    soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
    links=soup.select('.title a')
    for link in links:
        href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
        hrefs.append(href)
 
# 解析页面
def parsePage(url):
    res=session.get(url)
    if res.status_code==200:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
        try:
            title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
            price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
            block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
            building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
            try:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
            except:
                address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
            detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
            detail=detail1+detail2
            name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
            buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
            phone=getPhone(buserid)
            print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
            house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
            info.append(house)
            try:
                house_data=House(
                    title=title,
                    price=price,
                    block=block,
                    building=building,
                    address=address,
                    detail=detail,
                    name=name,
                    phone=phone
                )
                sess.add(house_data)
                sess.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)    # 打印错误信息
                sess.rollback()  # 回滚
        except:
            pass
    else:
        print(re.status_code,re.text)
 
# 获取代理人号码
def getPhone(buserid):
    url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
    data['agentbid']=buserid
    res=session.post(url,data=data)
    if res.status_code==200:
        return res.text
    else:
        print(res.status_code)
        return
 
# 获取详细链接的线程池
async def Pool1(num):
    loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task=[]
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
        for i in range(0,num):
            url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
            task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,getLink,url))
 
# 解析页面的线程池
async def Pool2(hrefs):
    loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
    task=[]
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
        for href in hrefs:
            task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,parsePage,href))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    hrefs=[]
    info=[]
    task=[]
    init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
    num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(Pool1(num))
    print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
    print(hrefs)
    loop.run_until_complete(Pool2(hrefs))
    loop.close()
    print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
    print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
    session.close()

五、最终效果图 （已打码）

到此这篇关于Python爬取城市租房信息实战分享的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python爬取租房信息内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们！

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