目录
- 算数运算符
- 关系运算符
- 例子
- 逻辑运算符
- 赋值运算符
- Java运算符优先级
- 总结
算数运算符
算术运算符用在数学表达式中,它们的作用和在数学中的作用一样。下表列出了所有的算术运算符。
表格中的实例假设整数变量A的值为10,变量B的值为20:
操作符 |
描述 |
+ |
加法 - 相加运算符两侧的值 |
- |
减法 - 左操作数减去右操作数 |
* |
乘法 - 相乘操作符两侧的值 |
/ |
除法 - 左操作数除以右操作数 |
% |
取余 - 左操作数除以右操作数的余数 |
++ |
自增: 操作数的值增加1 |
- - |
自减: 操作数的值减少1 |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 25;
int d = 25;
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
System.out.println("a++ = " + (a++) );
System.out.println("a-- = " + (a--) );
// 查看 d++ 与 ++d 的不同
System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++) );
System.out.println("++d = " + (++d) );
}
运行结果
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51196:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\JavaProject\20210402\out\production\20210402" Test
a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++ = 10
a-- = 11
d++ = 25
++d = 27
Process finished with exit code 0
关系运算符
运算符 |
描述 |
== |
检查如果两个操作数的值是否相等,如果相等则条件为真。 |
!= |
检查如果两个操作数的值是否相等,如果值不相等则条件为真。 |
> |
检查左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值,如果是那么条件为真。 |
< |
检查左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值,如果是那么条件为真 |
>= |
检查左操作数的值是否大于或等于右操作数的值,如果是那么条件为真。 |
<= |
检查左操作数的值是否小于或等于右操作数的值,如果是那么条件为真。 |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) );
System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) );
}
运行结果
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51452:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\JavaProject\20210402\out\production\20210402" Test
a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true
b >= a = true
b <= a = false
Process finished with exit code 0
逻辑运算符
操作符 |
描述 |
&& |
称为逻辑与运算符。当且仅当两个操作数都为真,条件才为真。 |
ll |
称为逻辑或操作符。如果任何两个操作数任何一个为真,条件为真。 |
! |
称为逻辑非运算符。用来反转操作数的逻辑状态。如果条件为true,则逻辑非运算符将得到false |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
}
赋值运算符
赋值运算符 |
描述 |
例子 |
= |
简单的赋值运算符,将右操作数的值赋给左侧操作数 |
C = A + B将把A + B得到的值赋给C |
+ = |
加和赋值操作符,它把左操作数和右操作数相加赋值给左操作数 |
C + = A等价于C = C + A |
- = |
减和赋值操作符,它把左操作数和右操作数相减赋值给左操作数 |
C - = A等价于C = C - A |
* = |
乘和赋值操作符,它把左操作数和右操作数相乘赋值给左操作数 |
C * = A等价于C = C * A |
/ = |
除和赋值操作符,它把左操作数和右操作数相除赋值给左操作数 |
C / = A,C 与 A 同类型时等价于 C = C / A |
(%)= |
取模和赋值操作符,它把左操作数和右操作数取模后赋值给左操作数 |
C%= A等价于C = C%A |
<< = |
左移位赋值运算符 |
C << = 2等价于C = C << 2 |
>> = |
右移位赋值运算符 |
C >> = 2等价于C = C >> 2 |
&= |
按位与赋值运算符 |
C&= 2等价于C = C&2 |
^ = |
按位异或赋值操作符 |
C ^ = 2等价于C = C ^ 2 |
l= |
按位或赋值操作符 |
C l = 2等价于C = C |
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 0;
c = a + b;
System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
c += a ;
System.out.println("c += a = " + c );
c -= a ;
System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
c *= a ;
System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c /= a ;
System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c %= a ;
System.out.println("c %= a = " + c );
c <<= 2 ;
System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c );
c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c &= a ;
System.out.println("c &= a = " + c );
c ^= a ;
System.out.println("c ^= a = " + c );
c |= a ;
System.out.println("c |= a = " + c );
}
运行结果为:
c = a + b = 30
c += a = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a = 5
c <<= 2 = 20
c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a = 0
c ^= a = 10
c |= a = 10
Process finished with exit code 0
Java运算符优先级
类别 |
操作 |
关联性 |
后缀 |
() [] . (点操作符) |
左到右 |
一元 |
expr++ expr– |
从左到右 |
一元 |
++expr --expr + - ~ ! |
从右到左 |
乘性 |
* /% |
左到右 |
加性 |
+ - |
左到右 |
移位 |
>> >>> << |
左到右 |
关系 |
> >= < <= |
左到右 |
相等 |
== != |
左到右 |
按位与 |
& |
左到右 |
按位异或 |
^ |
左到右 |
按位或 |
l |
左到右 |
逻辑与 |
&& |
左到右 |
逻辑或 |
ll |
左到右 |
条件 |
?: |
从右到左 |
赋值 |
= + = - = * = / =%= >> = << =&= ^ = l= |
从右到左 |
逗号 |
, |
左到右 |
总结
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