Java搭建RabbitMq消息中间件过程详解

这篇文章主要介绍了Java搭建RabbitMq消息中间件过程详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

当系统中出现“生产“和“消费“的速度或稳定性等因素不一致的时候，就需要消息队列。

名词

• exchange： 交换机
• routingkey： 路由key
• queue：队列

控制台端口：15672

　 exchange和queue是需要绑定在一起的，然后消息发送到exchange再由exchange通过routingkey发送到对应的队列中。

使用场景

1.技能订单3分钟自动取消，改变状态

2.直播开始前15分钟提醒

3.直播状态自动结束

流程

　　生产者发送消息 —> order_pre_exchange交换机 —> order_per_ttl_delay_queue队列

　　—> 时间到期 —> order_delay_exchange交换机 —> order_delay_process_queue队列 —> 消费者

第一步：在pom文件中添加

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

第二步：在application.properties文件中添加

spring.rabbitmq.host=172.xx.xx.xxx
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=rabbit
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

第三步：配置 OrderQueueConfig

package com.tuohang.platform.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.QueueBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * rabbitMQ的队列设置（生产者发送的消息，永远是先进入exchange，再通过路由，转发到队列）
 *
 *
 * @author Administrator
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2018年9月18日
 */
@Configuration
public class OrderQueueConfig {

  /**
   * 订单缓冲交换机名称
   */
  public final static String ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_pre_exchange";

  /**
   * 发送到该队列的message会在一段时间后过期进入到order_delay_process_queue 【队列里所有的message都有统一的失效时间】
   */
  public final static String ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME = "order_pre_ttl_delay_queue";

  /**
   * 订单的交换机DLX 名字
   */
  final static String ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_delay_exchange";

  /**
   * 订单message时间过期后进入的队列，也就是订单实际的消费队列
   */
  public final static String ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME = "order_delay_process_queue";

  /**
   * 订单在缓冲队列过期时间（毫秒）30分钟
   */
  public final static int ORDER_QUEUE_EXPIRATION = 1800000;

  /**
   * 订单缓冲交换机
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public DirectExchange preOrderExange() {
    return new DirectExchange(ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME);
  }

  /**
   * 创建order_per_ttl_delay_queue队列，订单消息经过缓冲交换机，会进入该队列
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public Queue delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue() {
    return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)
        .withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME) // DLX
        .withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME) // dead letter携带的routing key
        .withArgument("x-message-ttl", ORDER_QUEUE_EXPIRATION) // 设置订单队列的过期时间
        .build();
  }

  /**
   * 将order_pre_exchange绑定到order_pre_ttl_delay_queue队列
   *
   * @param delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue
   * @param preOrderExange
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public Binding queueOrderTTLBinding(Queue delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue, DirectExchange preOrderExange) {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue).to(preOrderExange).with(ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME);
  }

  /**
   * 创建订单的DLX exchange
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public DirectExchange delayOrderExchange() {
    return new DirectExchange(ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME);
  }

  /**
   * 创建order_delay_process_queue队列，也就是订单实际消费队列
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public Queue delayProcessOrderQueue() {
    return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME).build();
  }

  /**
   * 将DLX绑定到实际消费队列
   *
   * @param delayProcessOrderQueue
   * @param delayExchange
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public Binding dlxOrderBinding(Queue delayProcessOrderQueue, DirectExchange delayOrderExchange) {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(delayProcessOrderQueue).to(delayOrderExchange).with(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME);
  }

  /**
   * 监听订单实际消费者队列order_delay_process_queue
   *
   * @param connectionFactory
   * @param processReceiver
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public SimpleMessageListenerContainer orderProcessContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
      OrderProcessReceiver processReceiver) {
    SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
    container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
    container.setQueueNames(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME); // 监听order_delay_process_queue
    container.setMessageListener(new MessageListenerAdapter(processReceiver));
    return container;
  }
}

消费者 OrderProcessReceiver ：

package com.tuohang.platform.config;

import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.tools.ant.types.resources.selectors.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

/**
 * 订单延迟处理消费者
 *
 *
 * @author Administrator
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2018年9月18日
 */
@Component
public class OrderProcessReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {

  private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderProcessReceiver.class);

  String msg = "The failed message will auto retry after a certain delay";

  @Override
  public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
    try {
      processMessage(message);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // 如果发生了异常，则将该消息重定向到缓冲队列，会在一定延迟之后自动重做
      channel.basicPublish(OrderQueueConfig.ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME, OrderQueueConfig.ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME, null,
          msg.getBytes());
    }
  }

  /**
   * 处理订单消息，如果订单未支付，取消订单（如果当消息内容为FAIL_MESSAGE的话，则需要抛出异常）
   *
   * @param message
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public void processMessage(Message message) throws Exception {
    String realMessage = new String(message.getBody());
    logger.info("Received <" + realMessage + ">");
    // 取消订单
    if(!Objects.equals(realMessage, msg)) {
//      SpringKit.getBean(ITestService.class).resetSexById(Long.valueOf(realMessage));
      System.out.println("测试111111-----------"+new Date());
      System.out.println(message);
    }
  }
}

或者

/**
 * 测试 rabbit 消费者
 *
 *
 * @author Administrator
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2018年9月25日
 */
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = TestQueueConfig.TEST_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME)
public class TestProcessReceiver {

  private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestProcessReceiver.class);

  String msg = "The failed message will auto retry after a certain delay";

  @RabbitHandler
  public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
    try {
      processMessage(message);
      //告诉服务器收到这条消息 已经被我消费了 可以在队列删掉；否则消息服务器以为这条消息没处理掉 后续还会在发
      channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // 如果发生了异常，则将该消息重定向到缓冲队列，会在一定延迟之后自动重做
      channel.basicPublish(TestQueueConfig.TEST_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME, TestQueueConfig.TEST_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME, null,
          msg.getBytes());
    }
  }

  /**
   * 处理订单消息，如果订单未支付，取消订单（如果当消息内容为FAIL_MESSAGE的话，则需要抛出异常）
   *
   * @param message
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public void processMessage(Message message) throws Exception {
    String realMessage = new String(message.getBody());
    logger.info("Received < " + realMessage + " >");
    // 取消订单
    if(!Objects.equals(realMessage, msg)) {
      System.out.println("测试111111-----------"+new Date());
    }else {
      System.out.println("rabbit else...");
    }
  }
}

生产者

/**
   * 测试rabbitmq
   *
   * @return
   */
  @RequestMapping(value = "/testrab")
  public String testraa() {
    GenericResult gr = null;
    try {
      String name = "test_pre_ttl_delay_queue";
  long expiration = 10000;//10s 过期时间
      rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(name,String.valueOf(123456));
 // 在单个消息上设置过期时间
 //rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(name,(Object)String.valueOf(123456), new ExpirationMessagePostProcessor(expiration));

    } catch (ServiceException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      gr = new GenericResult(StateCode.ERROR, languageMap.get("network_error"), e.getMessage());
    }

    return getWrite(gr);
  }

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