详解linux添加硬盘分区挂载教程

基本步骤：分区——格式化——挂载——写入文件

1、首先用fdisk -l命令查看添加的硬盘名称，可以看到sdb为新增的硬盘

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0006b59c

Device Boot   Start     End   Blocks  Id System

/dev/sda1  *      1     39   307200  83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2       39    2358  18631680  83 Linux

/dev/sda3      2358    2611   2031616  82 Linux swap / Solaris

2、进行分区，输入m查看提示

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x09f38795.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

     switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

     sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

  a  toggle a bootable flag

  b  edit bsd disklabel

  c  toggle the dos compatibility flag

  d  delete a partition

  l  list known partition types

  m  print this menu

  n  add a new partition

  o  create a new empty DOS partition table

  p  print the partition table

  q  quit without saving changes

  s  create a new empty Sun disklabel

  t  change a partition's system id

  u  change display/entry units

  v  verify the partition table

  w  write table to disk and exit

  x  extra functionality (experts only) 

分析：主要参数的解析

1. 输入 m 显示所有命令列示。

2. 输入 p 显示硬盘分割情形，打印分区表。

3. 输入 a 设定硬盘启动区。

4. 输入 n 创建新的硬盘分割区。

4.1. 输入 e 硬盘为[延伸]分割区(extend)。

4.2. 输入 p 硬盘为[主要]分割区(primary)。

5. 输入 t 改变硬盘分割区属性。　　　　　　　　　　

1. t:分区系统id号
2. L:82:linux swap
3. 83:linux
4. 86：NTFS window分区

6. 输入 d 删除硬盘分割区属性。

7. 输入 q 结束不存入硬盘分割区属性。

8. 输入 w 结束并写入硬盘分割区属性

3、输入n创建新的硬盘分区——输入p创建主分区——输入1设置一个分区——回车——回车（默认全部空间）

Command (m for help): n

Command action

  e  extended                                  ···扩展分区

  p  primary partition (1-4)                          ···主分区

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 

Using default value 2610

4、输入p查看分区情况——输入w保存退出（一定要w保存不然无效）

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x09f38795

  Device Boot   Start     End   Blocks  Id System

/dev/sdb1        1    2610  20964793+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks. 

5、mkfs命令格式化磁盘

[root@oracle ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

mkfs.ext4: invalid fragment size - /dev/sdb

6、mount命令挂载分区

[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/sdb /oracle/

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@oracle ~]# df -TH

Filesystem   Type  Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2   ext4  19G  11G 7.3G 60% /

tmpfs     tmpfs 2.1G  74k 2.1G  1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1   ext4  297M  29M 253M 11% /boot

/dev/sdb    ext4  22G  47M  20G  1% /oracle

7、添加到/etc/fstab文件下保存退出否则重启后硬盘消失

/dev/sdb    /oracle     ext4  defaults,noatime    0 0 

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