python2和python3实现在图片上加汉字的方法

python2和python3实现在图片上加汉字,最主要的区别还是内部编码方式不一样导致的,在代码上表现为些许的差别。理解了内部编码原理也就不会遇到这些问题了，以下代码是在WIN10系统上时测好用的。

Python2 在图片上加汉字代码实现

# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
def ID_2_Word(txt):
  tmp_ID = txt.split(':')[0]
  value = txt.split(':')[-1]
  '''
  numbers = {
    'DS041' : "Coolant TEMP     ",
    'DS048' : "RPM          ",
    'DS049' : "Speed         ",
    'DS098' : "Oil level       ",
    'DS123' : "Control Module Voltage"
  }
  '''
  numbers = {
    'DS041' : "冷却液温度",
    'DS048' : "发动机转速",
    'DS049' : "车速  ",
    'DS098' : "燃油液位输入",
    'DS123' : "控制模块电压"
  }
  word = numbers.get(tmp_ID, None)
  result = str(word) + ':' + value
  #print(result)
  return result
def cv2ImgAddText(img, text, left, top, textColor=(0, 255, 0), textSize=20):
  if (isinstance(img, np.ndarray)): #判断是否OpenCV图片类型
    img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
  draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
  #fontText = ImageFont.truetype("font/simsun.ttc", textSize, encoding="utf-8")
  fontText = ImageFont.truetype("font/simsun.ttc", textSize, encoding="gb2312") #cp936
  draw.text((left, top), text, textColor, font=fontText)
  return cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
def layer1_show(img,data):
  frame = cv2.resize(img, (1280, 720), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
  font = ImageFont.truetype('font/simsun.ttc',24,encoding="utf-8")
  OBD_string = data
  y0, dy = 50, 25
  for i, txt in enumerate(OBD_string.split(';')):
      #word = txt
    word = ID_2_Word(txt) #将OBD信号的ID转换为中文
    word = unicode(word,'gbk')
      #print(i, txt.split(':')[0])
    y = y0+i*dy
    frame = cv2ImgAddText(frame, word, 100, y, (255, 0, 0), 20)
  cv2.imshow("layer_1", frame)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  img = cv2.imread("map.png");
  data = "DS041: 88;DS048: 800;DS049: 64;DS098: 0.00;DS123: 0.00"
  layer1_show(img,data)

Python3 在图片上加汉字代码实现

import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
def ID_2_Word(txt):
  tmp_ID = txt.split(':')[0]
  value = txt.split(':')[-1]
  '''
  numbers = {
    'DS041' : "Coolant TEMP     ",
    'DS048' : "RPM          ",
    'DS049' : "Speed         ",
    'DS098' : "Oil level       ",
    'DS123' : "Control Module Voltage"
  }
  '''
  numbers = {
    'DS041' : "冷却液温度",
    'DS048' : "发动机转速",
    'DS049' : "车速  ",
    'DS098' : "燃油液位输入",
    'DS123' : "控制模块电压"
  }
  word = numbers.get(tmp_ID, None)
  result = str(word) + ':' + value
  #print(result)
  return result
def cv2ImgAddText(img, text, left, top, textColor=(0, 255, 0), textSize=20):
  if (isinstance(img, np.ndarray)): #判断是否OpenCV图片类型
    img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
  draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
  #fontText = ImageFont.truetype("font/simsun.ttc", textSize, encoding="utf-8")
  fontText = ImageFont.truetype("font/simsun.ttc", textSize, encoding="gb2312") #cp936
  draw.text((left, top), text, textColor, font=fontText)
  return cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
def layer1_show(img,data):
  frame = cv2.resize(img, (1280, 720), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
  font = ImageFont.truetype('font/simsun.ttc',24,encoding="utf-8")
  OBD_string = data
  y0, dy = 50, 25
  for i, txt in enumerate(OBD_string.split(';')):
      #word = txt
    word = ID_2_Word(txt) #将OBD信号的ID转换为中文
    #word = unicode(word,'gbk')
    y = y0+i*dy
    frame = cv2ImgAddText(frame, word, 100, y, (255, 0, 0), 20)
  cv2.imshow("layer_1", frame)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  img = cv2.imread("map.png");
  data = "DS041: 88;DS048: 800;DS049: 64;DS098: 0.00;DS123: 0.00"
  layer1_show(img,data)

遇到的问题

python2中：UnicodeDecodeError: ‘ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe8 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

这是因为这是因为默认的是utf-8编码格式

中文字符的Unicode编码0x0800-0xFFFF之间,(utf-8包含了部分汉字)
当你试图将该“中文字符”转成U码的utf-8时超出了其范筹
而GBK 规范收录了 ISO 10646.1 中的全部 CJK 汉字和符号，并有所补充，
所以解决方法是将utf-8改为gbk

word = unicode(word,'utf-8') 改为 word = unicode(word,'gbk')

总结

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