详解用Python实现自动化监控远程服务器

最近发现Python课器做很多事情，在监控服务器有其独特的优势，耗费资源少，开发周期短。

首先我们做一个定时或者实时脚本timedtask.py，让其定时监控目标服务器，两种方式：

第一种：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File  : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import time, os
from monitorserver import alltask

def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
  while True:
    #执行方法，函数
    alltask()
    time.sleep(inc)

roll_back("echo %time%", 5)

第二种：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File  : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import time, os

def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
  while True:
    #监控代码文件所在位置
    os.system('python /home/../monitorserver.py');
    time.sleep(inc)

roll_back("echo %time%", 5)

做过监控应该都知道，我们主要监控服务器，负载均衡、磁盘、内存、CPU、网络接口（流量）、端口代码，主要针对这些，我做了以下远程监控，第一种和第二种监控代码一样，代码monitorserver.py如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 服务器监控代码
# @File  : monitorserver.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import pexpect
import re

import time
import threading

"""
主方法
127.0.0.1#远程服务器ip地址
"""
def ssh_command(user, host, password, command):
  ssh_new_key = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
  child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s %s' % (user, host, command))
  i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_new_key, 'password: '])
  if i == 0:
    print 'ERROR!'
    print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
    print child.before, child.after
    return None
  if i == 1:
    child.sendline('yes')
    child.expect('password: ')
    i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])
    if i == 0:
      print 'ERROR!'
      print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
      print child.before, child.after
      return None
  child.sendline(password)
  return child

"""
内存监控
"""
def mem_info():

  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/meminfo")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  mem = child.before
  mem_values = re.findall("(\d+)\ kB", mem)
  MemTotal = mem_values[0]
  MemFree = mem_values[1]
  Buffers = mem_values[2]
  Cached = mem_values[3]
  SwapCached=mem_values[4]
  SwapTotal = mem_values[13]
  SwapFree = mem_values[14]
  print '******************************内存监控*********************************'
  print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
  print "总内存：",MemTotal
  print "空闲内存：", MemFree
  print "给文件的缓冲大小:",Buffers
  print "高速缓冲存储器使用的大小:", Cached
  print "被高速缓冲存储用的交换空间大小:", SwapCached
  print "给文件的缓冲大小:", Buffers
  if int(SwapTotal) == 0:
    print u"交换内存总共为：0"
  else:
    Rate_Swap = 100 - 100*int(SwapFree)/float(SwapTotal)
    print u"交换内存利用率：", Rate_Swap
  Free_Mem = int(MemFree) + int(Buffers) + int(Cached)
  Used_Mem = int(MemTotal) - Free_Mem
  Rate_Mem = 100*Used_Mem/float(MemTotal)
  print u"内存利用率：", str("%.2f" % Rate_Mem), "%"

"""
内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息
"""
def vm_stat_info():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "vmstat 1 2 | tail -n 1")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  vmstat_info = child.before.strip().split()
  processes_waiting = vmstat_info[0]
  processes_sleep = vmstat_info[1]
  swpd = vmstat_info[2]
  free = vmstat_info[3]
  buff = vmstat_info[4]
  cache = vmstat_info[5]
  si = vmstat_info[6]
  so = vmstat_info[7]
  io_bi = vmstat_info[8]
  io_bo = vmstat_info[9]
  system_interrupt = vmstat_info[10]
  system_context_switch = vmstat_info[11]
  cpu_user = vmstat_info[12]
  cpu_sys = vmstat_info[13]
  cpu_idle = vmstat_info[14]
  cpu_wait = vmstat_info[15]
  st=vmstat_info[16]
  print '****************************内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息监控****************************'
  print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
  print "等待运行进程的数量:", processes_waiting
  print "处于不间断状态的进程:", processes_sleep
  print "使用虚拟内存(swap)的总量:", swpd
  print "空闲的内存总量:", free
  print "用作缓冲的内存总量:", buff
  print "用作缓存的内存总量:", cache
  print "交换出内存总量 :", si
  print "交换入内存总量 :", so
  print "从一个块设备接收:", io_bi
  print "发送到块设备:", io_bo
  print "每秒的中断数:", system_interrupt
  print "每秒的上下文切换数:", system_context_switch
  print "用户空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_user
  print "内核空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_sys
  print "闲置时间百分比:", cpu_idle
  print "等待IO的时间百分比:", cpu_wait
  print "从虚拟机偷取的时间百分比:", st

'''
cpu监控
'''
def cpu_info():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/cpuinfo")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  cpuinfo = child.before
  cpu_num = re.findall('processor.*?(\d+)', cpuinfo)[-1]
  cpu_num = str(int(cpu_num) + 1)
  print '***************************************cpu监控***************************************'
  print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
  print u"CPU数目：", cpu_num
  li = cpuinfo.replace('\t', '').split('\r')
  CPUinfo = {}
  procinfo = {}
  nprocs = 0
  for line in li:
    if line.find("processor") > -1:
      CPUinfo['CPU%s' % nprocs] = procinfo
      nprocs = nprocs + 1
    else:
      if len(line.split(':')) == 2:
        procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = line.split(':')[1].strip()
      else:
        procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = ''
  for processor in CPUinfo.keys():
    print "CPU属于的名字及其编号、标称主频:",CPUinfo[processor]['model name']
    print "CPU属于其系列中的哪一代的代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['model']
    print "CPU制造商:", CPUinfo[processor]['vendor_id']
    print "CPU产品系列代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu family']
    print "CPU的实际使用主频:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu MHz']

"""
负载均衡
"""
def load_stat():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/loadavg")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  loadavgs = child.before.strip().split()
  print '************************负载均衡监控****************************'
  print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
  print "系统5分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[0]
  print "系统10分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[1]
  print "系统15分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[2]
  print "分子是正在运行的进程数,分母为总进程数：",loadavgs[3]
  print "最近运行的进程id：", loadavgs[4]

"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def ionetwork():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/net/dev")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  netdata = child.before
  li = netdata.strip().split('\n')
  print '************************获取网络接口的输入和输出监控****************************'
  print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
  net = {}
  for line in li[2:]:
    line = line.split(":")
    eth_name = line[0].strip()
    # if eth_name != 'lo':
    net_io = {}
    net_io['Receive'] = round(float(line[1].split()[0]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
    net_io['Transmit'] = round(float(line[1].split()[8]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
    net[eth_name] = net_io
  print net

"""
磁盘空间监控
"""
def disk_stat():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "df -h")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  disk = child.before
  disklist = disk.strip().split('\n')
  disklists=[]
  for disk in disklist:
    disklists.append(disk.strip().split())
  print '************************磁盘空间监控****************************'
  print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
  for i in disklists[1:]:
    print "\t文件系统：", i[0],
    print "\t容量：", i[1],
    print "\t已用：", i[2],
    print "\t可用：", i[3],
    print "\t已用%挂载点：", i[4]

"""
端口监控
一般是远程服务器用户名用户
"""
def getComStr():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "netstat -tpln")
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  Com = child.before
  print '******************************端口监控*********************************'
  print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
  print Com

"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def cpu():
  child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
  child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  child1 = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
  child1.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  cpus = child.before.strip().split()
  cpus1 = child1.before.strip().split()
  print '************************cpu使用情况****************************'
  print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
  T1=int(cpus[1])+int(cpus[2])+int(cpus[3])+int(cpus[4])+int(cpus[5])+int(cpus[6])+int(cpus[8])+int(cpus[9])
  T2=int(cpus1[1]) + int(cpus1[2]) + int(cpus1[3]) + int(cpus1[4] )+ int(cpus1[5] )+int( cpus1[6] )+ int(cpus1[8] )+ int(cpus1[9])
  Tol=T2-T1
  Idle=int(cpus1[4]) - int(cpus[4])
  print '总的cpu时间1:',T1
  print '总的cpu时间2:', T2
  print '时间间隔内的所有时间片:', Tol
  print '计算空闲时间idle:', Idle
  print "计算cpu使用率：",100*(Tol-Idle)/Tol,"%"

"""
第一种执行
"""
def alltask():
  try:
    threads = []
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
    threads.append(t1)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
    threads.append(t2)
    t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
    threads.append(t3)
    t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
    threads.append(t4)
    t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
    threads.append(t5)
    t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
    threads.append(t6)
    t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
    threads.append(t7)
    t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
    threads.append(t8)
    for n in range(len(threads)):
      threads[n].start()
  except Exception, e:
    print str(e)

"""
第二种执行
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:
    threads = []
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
    threads.append(t1)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
    threads.append(t2)
    t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
    threads.append(t3)
    t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
    threads.append(t4)
    t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
    threads.append(t5)
    t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
    threads.append(t6)
    t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
    threads.append(t7)
    t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
    threads.append(t8)
    for n in range(len(threads)):
      threads[n].start()
  except Exception, e:
    print str(e)

监控结果如下：

接下来做的是把监控结果可视化，即可，可惜没时间做，就交给各位了！！！

花了两天时间整理的，分享给大家，希望对各位有帮助！！！

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