Django框架之DRF 基于mixins来封装的视图详解

基础视图

示例环境搭建：新建一个Django项目，连接Mysql数据库，配置路由、视图函数、序列化单独创建py文件

# 配置路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
 url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 url(r'^PublishView/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
 url(r'^PublishDetailView/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),

]

# 视图：

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
from app01.MySer import BookSer,PublishSer,AuthorSer
from rest_framework.response import Response
# Create your views here.
# 基本视图

class PublishView(APIView):

 def get(self,request):
  publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
  bs = PublishSer(publish_list, many=True)
  return Response(bs.data)

 def post(self, request):
  bs = PublishSer(data=request.data)
  if bs.is_valid():
   bs.save()
   return Response(bs.data)
  else:
   return Response(bs.errors)

class PublishDetailView(APIView):
 def get(self, request, pk):
  publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  bs = PublishSer(publish_obj, many=False)
  return Response(bs.data)

 def put(self, request, pk):
  publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  bs = PublishSer(data=request.data, instance=publish_obj)
  if bs.is_valid():
   bs.save()
   return Response(bs.data)
  else:
   return Response(bs.data)

 def delete(self, request, pk):
  models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
  return Response("")

# MySer.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class BookSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = models.Book
  fields = '__all__'

class PublishSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = models.Publish
  fields = '__all__'

class AuthorSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = models.Author
  fields = '__all__'

基于mixins来封装的视图

其它不变，更改视图：

# 基于mixins来封装的视图
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,\
         ListModelMixin,\
         RetrieveModelMixin,\
         DestroyModelMixin,\
         UpdateModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

class PublishView(CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
 queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
 serializer_class = PublishSer
 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class PublishDetailView(RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
 queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
 serializer_class = PublishSer
 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

 def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

 def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

可以看出视图类中还是有很多冗余代码

mixins封装再封装，第三种方法

# 第三种写法：
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,\
         ListCreateAPIView,\
         DestroyAPIView,\
         RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

class PublishView(ListCreateAPIView):
 queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
 serializer_class = PublishSer

class PublishDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
 queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
 serializer_class = PublishSer

还是有冗余代码

第四种写法，再次封装，全部写在一个类中

# 路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
 url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

 url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
 url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),

]

# 第四种写法：5个接口写在一个类中
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class PublishView(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
 serializer_class = PublishSer

补充：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# ViewSetMixin 重写了as_view方法
class Test(ViewSetMixin,APIView):

 def aaa(self,request):
  return Response()

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