Android如何实现接收和发送短信

每一部手机都具有短信接收和发送功能，下面我们通过代码来实现接收和发送短信功能。

一、接收短信

1、创建内部广播接收器类，接收系统发出的短信广播
2、从获得的内容中解析出短信发送者和短信内容
3、在Activity中注册广播
4、添加接收短信权限

下面放上具体的代码 
activity_main.xml文件用于显示短信发送者号码和显示短信内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">

  <TextView
    android:id="@+id/sms_from"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:text="From" />
  <TextView
    android:id="@+id/sms_from_txt"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
    android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_from"/>
  <TextView
    android:id="@+id/sms_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/sms_from"
    android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
    android:text="Content" />
  <TextView
    android:id="@+id/sms_content_txt"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/sms_from_txt"
    android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_content"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  private TextView fromTv;
  private TextView contentTv;

  private IntentFilter intentFilter;
  private MessageReceiver messageReceiver;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    initView();
    getSms();
  }

  private void getSms() {
    intentFilter = new IntentFilter();                 intentFilter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
    messageReceiver = new MessageReceiver();
    //设置较高的优先级
    intentFilter.setPriority(100);
    registerReceiver(messageReceiver, intentFilter);
  }

  private void initView() {
    fromTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_from_txt);
    contentTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_content_txt);
  }

  @Override
  protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    unregisterReceiver(messageReceiver);
  }

  class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
      //提取短信消息
      Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
      SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
      for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
        messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
      }
      //获取发送方号码
      String address = messages[0].getOriginatingAddress();

      String fullMessage = "";
      for (SmsMessage message : messages) {
        //获取短信内容
        fullMessage += message.getMessageBody();
      }
      //截断广播,阻止其继续被Android自带的短信程序接收到
      abortBroadcast();
      fromTv.setText(address);
      contentTv.setText(fullMessage);
    }
  }
}

注：注册的广播接收器，一定要在OnDestroy()方法中取消注册。

由于短信广播是有序广播，如果我们不想让Android自带的短信程序接收到短信，就可以设置我们自身接收器的优先级，同时在我们接受完广播后将广播截断，阻止其被Android自带的短信程序接收到。

二、发送短信

1、获取接收者的号码和短信内容
2、获得短信发送管理实例
3、构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播
4、调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信
5、构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
6、获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例，注册广播接收器
7、在onDestroy()中取消注册的广播接收器
8、在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限

下面放上具体的布局文件和代码 
activity_send_msg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">
  <EditText
    android:id="@+id/to_ed"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:hint="to"/>
  <EditText
    android:id="@+id/to_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/to_ed"
    android:hint="content"/>
  <Button
    android:id="@+id/send_msg"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/to_content"
    android:text="@string/send_message"/>
</RelativeLayout>

SendMsgActivity.java文件

public class SendMsgActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
  private Context context;
  private EditText toEdit;
  private EditText toContent;
  private IntentFilter sendFilter;
  private SendStatusReceiver sendStatusReceiver;
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_send_msg);
    context = this;
    initView();
  }

  private void initView() {
    toEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_ed);
    toContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_content);
    //添加发送按钮的点击监听事件
    Button sendMsg = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg);
    sendMsg.setOnClickListener(this);
  }

  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
    switch (view.getId()){
      case R.id.send_msg:
        sendMessage();
       break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  }

  private void sendMessage() {
    //获取短信接收者号码
    String to = toEdit.getText().toString();
    //获取发送短信内容
    String content = toContent.getText().toString();
    //获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例
    sendStatusReceiver = new SendStatusReceiver();
    sendFilter = new IntentFilter();
    sendFilter.addAction("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
    //注册广播监听
    registerReceiver(sendStatusReceiver, sendFilter);
    //构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播
    Intent sendIntent = new Intent("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
    PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, sendIntent, 0);
    //获得短信管理实例
    SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();

    //调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信(第一、三、四参数依次为接收者号码,短信内容,短信发送状态监控的PendingIntent)
    smsManager.sendTextMessage(to, null, content, pi, null);
  }

  /**
   * 构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
   */
  class SendStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      if (getResultCode() == RESULT_OK){
        Toast.makeText(context, "successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }else{
        Toast.makeText(context, "failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    //取消注册的广播
    unregisterReceiver(sendStatusReceiver);
  }
}

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>

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