C++ socket实现miniFTP

本文实例为大家分享了C++ socket实现miniFTP的方法，供大家参考，具体内容如下

客户端：

服务端：

建立连接

连接使用 TCP 连接，服务器和客户端分别创建自己的套接字一端，服务器等待连接，客户端发起连接（并指定服务器 ip）。在两者端口号一致且不被占用的情况下，连接建立。
        在整个过程中，服务器对每一个来访的客户端建立一个连接，在客户未请求与服务器断开时，该连接一直存在，用户可以不断向服务器发出请求。（持久性、流水线型连接 ）
        客户端断开后，关闭客户端的套接字部分，服务器继续等待新的连接。服务器一次只能处理一个客户端的连接，不支持并发访问。

PDU 格式

由于 ftp 应当支持几乎任意类型文件，而几乎所有类型文件都能用二进制来解析，所以我们采用了二进制的格式来读取以及写入文件。在整个过程中，我们并不关心文件的具体内容，也无需在程序中解析文件，而是将其当作数据流看待。
        受到缓存区大小的限制，我们无法一次性传输整个文件，所以我们将文件按缓存区大小拆分成数据包分批发送，我们可以将数据及时从缓存区写入文件，这样就让出了缓存区空间。数据包仅仅包含数据，不包含头部或尾部信息。
        此外，接收文件时，recv()函数将会循环调用，因此，我们需要一个信号来通知什么时候发送完毕。
        一个想法是发送终止信号，这是可行的，但更好的方法是在一开始发送文件总字节数，让接收方根据剩余字节大小判断什么时候接收完毕。因为在写入文件时，我们需要指定写入的字节数，尤其是在发来的数据流字节数不等于缓冲区大小时。写入字节数的错误会导致文件受损。

接收确认

我们知道 TCP 是可靠传输协议，它采取了一系列措施来保证传输不会出错。所以在使用 TCP 连接时，我们相信数据在链路层上没有出差错，它一定会成功发送到对方手上。但是在客户端接收服务器发来的文件的时候，我们仍然需要服务器发来确认信息。原因在于，虽然我们可以保证链路层不出错，但是我们无法保证应用层不出错。例如，客户端可能会给出错误的文件名，因为接收不到服务器发来的信息，所以会陷入空等状态。

ftpClient.h

#pragma
#include<winsock.h>
class ftpClient
{
private:
  enum {
    SERVER_PORT = 9999,
    BUFFER_SIZE = 4096
  };
  sockaddr_in serverChannel;
  char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
  int serverSocket;
  int clientSocket;
  bool isConnect;
  char name[50]; 

  bool getFile();
  bool putFile();
  bool acknowledge();
  bool sendRequest(char* instruction);
  bool connect2Host(const char* hostName);
  bool getWorkDir(); 

public:
  ftpClient();
  ~ftpClient();
  void start();
};

ftpClient.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"ftpClient.h"
#include<cstdio>
#include<io.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<fstream> 

ftpClient::ftpClient()
{
  WORD wVersionRequested;
  WSADATA wsaData;
  int ret; 

  //WinSock初始化：
  wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);//希望使用的WinSock DLL的版本
  ret = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
  if (ret != 0)
  {
    printf("WSAStartup() failed!\n");
  }
  //确认WinSock DLL支持版本2.2：
  if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2)
  {
    WSACleanup();
    printf("Invalid Winsock version!\n");
  }
  isConnect = false;
} 

void ftpClient::start()
{
  char c[100];
  char d[100];
  printf("这里是FTP客户端，您可以输入help查看操作方法,输入quit退出客户端\n"); 

  while (1) {
    scanf("%s", c);
    if (strcmp(c, "help") == 0) {
      printf("get [fileName]  --  下载文件\n"
        "put [fileName]  --  上传文件\n"
        "ftp [ip]     --  登录FTP\n"
        "pwd        --  显示服务器当前工作文件夹\n"
        "cd [dirName]   --  更改当前文件夹\n"
        "close       --  关闭与当前ftp的连接\n"
        "quit       --  退出客户端\n"
        );
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "get") == 0) {
      scanf("%s", d);
      strcat(c, " ");
      strcat(c, d);
      if (!isConnect) {
        printf("you haven't connected to any server!\n");
      }
      else sendRequest(c);
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "put") == 0) {
      scanf("%s", d);
      strcat(c, " ");
      strcat(c, d);
      if (!isConnect) {
        printf("you haven't connected to any server!\n");
      }
      else sendRequest(c);
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "ftp") == 0) {
      scanf("%s", d);
      if (!isConnect&&connect2Host(d)) {
        isConnect = true;
      }
      else if(isConnect){
        printf("you have already connected to server\n"
          "please close the connection before connect to a new server\n");
      }
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "pwd") == 0) {
      if (!isConnect) {
        printf("you haven't connected to any server!\n");
      }
      else sendRequest(c);
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "cd") == 0) {
      scanf("%s", d);
      strcat(c, " ");
      strcat(c, d);
      if (!isConnect) {
        printf("you haven't connected to any server!\n");
      }
      else sendRequest(c);
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "quit") == 0) {
      if (isConnect) {
        strcpy(c, "close");
        isConnect = false;
        send(clientSocket, c, strlen(c) + 1, 0);
        closesocket(clientSocket);
      }
      break;
    }
    else if (strcmp(c, "close") == 0) {
      if (isConnect) {
        isConnect = false;
        send(clientSocket, c, strlen(c) + 1, 0);
        closesocket(clientSocket);
      }
    }
    else {
      printf("syntex error\n");
    }
  }
} 

bool ftpClient::connect2Host(const char* hostName)
{
  //创建socket
  clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); 

  if (clientSocket < 0) {
    printf("cannot create socket\n");
    return false;
  }
  else printf("successfully create socket\n");
  memset(&serverChannel, 0, sizeof(serverChannel));//初始化为0 

  serverChannel.sin_family = AF_INET;//channel协议家族AF_INET
  serverChannel.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(hostName);//地址
  serverChannel.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);//服务器端口 

                        //建立连接
  serverSocket = connect(clientSocket, (sockaddr*)&serverChannel, sizeof(serverChannel)); 

  if (serverSocket < 0) {
    printf("cannot connect to the host\n");
    return false;
  }
  else {
    printf("successfully connect to the host\n");
    return true;
  }
} 

bool ftpClient::sendRequest(char* instruction)
{
  int r = send(clientSocket, instruction, strlen(instruction) + 1, 0);
  if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    printf("request failed\n");
    return false;
  }
  else {
    printf("request success\n");
    char opt[5];
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (instruction[i] != ' '&&instruction[i] != '\0') {
      opt[i] = instruction[i];
      i++;
    }
    opt[i] = '\0';
    i++;
    while (instruction[i] != '\0') {
      name[j] = instruction[i];
      i++, j++;
    }
    name[j] = '\0';
    if (strcmp(opt, "get") == 0) {
      if (getFile()) {
        printf("successfully download\n");
      }
      else printf("download failed\n");
    }
    else if (strcmp(opt, "put") == 0) {
      if (putFile()) {
        printf("successfully upload\n");
      }
      else printf("upload failed\n");
    }
    else if (strcmp(opt, "pwd") == 0) {
      if (!getWorkDir())
        printf("get work directory failed\n");
    }
    else if (strcmp(opt, "cd") == 0) {
      printf("operation finished\n");
    }
    else {
      printf("syntex error\n");
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
} 

bool ftpClient::getFile()
{
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  int ret;
  char length[20];
  ret = recv(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0);
  if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    return false;
  }
  else if (strcmp(length, "NAK") == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  int size = atoi(length);
  std::ofstream out; 

  out.open(name, std::ios::binary);
  if (!out) {
    printf("cannot save the file\n");
    return false;
  }
  while (size>0) {
    ret = recv(clientSocket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
    int s = size < BUFFER_SIZE ? size : BUFFER_SIZE;
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      out.close();
      return false;
    }
    else if (strcmp(buffer, "NAK") == 0) {
      out.close();
      return false;
    }
    else {
      out.write(buffer, s);
    }
    size -= BUFFER_SIZE;
  }
  out.close();
  return acknowledge();
} 

bool ftpClient::putFile()
{
  std::ifstream in;
  //打开文件
  in.open(name, std::ios::binary);
  if (!in) {
    printf("cannot open the file\n");
    return false;
  }
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  //得到文件的字节数
  in.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
  int sp = in.tellg();
  int total_size = 0;
  int r;
  char length[20];
  sprintf(length, "%d", sp); 

  //发送字节
  r = send(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0);
  if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    return false;
  }
  while (sp > 0) {
    in.clear();
    in.seekg(total_size, std::ios_base::beg);
    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    //读取文件
    in.read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    int size = sp < BUFFER_SIZE ? sp : BUFFER_SIZE;
    total_size += size;
    //发送文件
    r = send(clientSocket, buffer, size, 0); 

    sp -= size;
    if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      in.close();
      return false;
    }
  }
  in.close();
} 

bool ftpClient::getWorkDir() {
  printf("getWorkDir\n");
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  int ret;
  char length[20];
  ret = recv(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0);
  if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    return false;
  }
  int size = atoi(length);
  while (size>0) {
    ret = recv(clientSocket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      return false;
    }
    else {
      printf("%s", buffer);
    }
    size -= BUFFER_SIZE;
  }
  return true;
} 

bool ftpClient::acknowledge()
{
  int ret = recv(clientSocket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
  if (ret > 0) {
    if (strcmp(buffer, "NAK") == 0)return false;
    else if (strcmp(buffer, "ACK") == 0)return true;
  }
} 

ftpClient::~ftpClient()
{
  if (isConnect) {
    isConnect = false;
    char c[6];
    strcpy(c, "close");
    send(clientSocket, c, strlen(c) + 1, 0);
    closesocket(clientSocket);
  }
}

main.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#pragma(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#include"ftpClient.h"
#include<stdio.h> 

int main()
{
  ftpClient a;
  a.start();
  return 0;
}

ftpServer.h

#pragma once
#include<winsock.h> 

class ftpServer
{
private:
  enum {
    SERVER_PORT = 9999,
    BUFFER_SIZE = 4096,
    QUEUE_SIZE = 10
  };
  char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
  sockaddr_in serverChannel;
  char name[50];
  char workDir[100]; //store like C:\Users MARK:字符串末没有斜线！！
  int serverSocket; //socket
  int clientSocket;
  bool sendFile();
  bool receiveFile();
  bool doPwd();
  bool doCd();
  bool isValidPath(char* path);
public:
  ftpServer();
  bool start();//开启服务器
}; 

ftpServer.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 

#include"ftpServer.h"
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstring> 

ftpServer::ftpServer()
{
  WORD wVersionRequested;
  WSADATA wsaData;
  int ret; 

  //WinSock初始化：
  wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);//希望使用的WinSock DLL的版本
  ret = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
  if (ret != 0)
  {
    printf("WSAStartup() failed!\n");
  }
  //确认WinSock DLL支持版本2.2：
  if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2)
  {
    WSACleanup();
    printf("Invalid Winsock version!\n");
  }
  //workDir初始化为当前路径
  system("cd > tempFile");
  std::ifstream in("tempFile", std::ifstream::in);
  in >> workDir;
  in.close();
} 

bool ftpServer::start()
{
  int on = 1; 

  //初始化服务器
  memset(&serverChannel, 0, sizeof(serverChannel));
  serverChannel.sin_family = AF_INET;
  serverChannel.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
  serverChannel.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); 

  //创建套接字
  this->serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
  if (serverSocket < 0) {
    printf("cannot create socket\n");
    return false;
  }
  else printf("successfully create socket\n");
  setsockopt(serverSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
    (char*)&on, sizeof(on)); 

  //绑定
  int b = bind(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&serverChannel,
    sizeof(serverChannel));
  if (b < 0) {
    printf("bind error\n");
    return false;
  }
  else printf("successfully bind\n");
  //监听
  int l = listen(serverSocket, QUEUE_SIZE);
  if (l < 0) {
    printf("listen failed\n");
    return false;
  }
  else printf("successfully listen\n");
  int len = sizeof(serverChannel);
  //服务器等待连接
  while (1) {
    printf("waiting for connection...\n");
    //接受一个连接
    clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&serverChannel,
      &len);
    if (clientSocket < 0) {
      printf("accept failed\n");
    }
    else {
      printf("successfully connect\n");
      while (1) {
        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        int ret; 

        ret = recv(clientSocket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0); 

        if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
          printf("receive failed\n");
        }
        else {
          char opt[50];
          printf("successfully receive\n");
          int i = 0, j = 0;
          printf("buffer = %s\n", buffer);
          while (buffer[i] != ' '&&buffer[i] != '\0') {
            opt[i] = buffer[i];
            i++;
          }
          opt[i] = '\0';
          if (buffer[i] != '\0') {
            i++;
          }
          while (buffer[i] != '\0') {
            name[j] = buffer[i];
            i++, j++;
          }
          name[j] = '\0'; 

          if (strcmp(opt, "get") == 0) {
            char ret[4];
            if (!sendFile()) {
              strcpy(ret, "NAK");
              send(clientSocket, ret, sizeof(ret), 0);
            }
            else {
              strcpy(ret, "ACK");
              send(clientSocket, ret, sizeof(ret), 0);
            }
          }
          else if (strcmp(opt, "put") == 0) {
            receiveFile();
          }
          else if (strcmp(opt, "pwd") == 0) {
            doPwd();
          }
          else if (strcmp(opt, "cd") == 0) {
            doCd();
          }
          else if (strcmp(opt, "close") == 0) {
            break;
          }
          else {
            printf("syntex error\n");
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return true;
} 

bool ftpServer::sendFile()
{
  std::ifstream in;
  char path[100];
  strcpy(path, workDir);
  strcat(path, "\\");
  strcat(path, name); 

  in.open(path, std::ios::binary);
  if (!in) {
    printf("cannot open the file\n");
    return false;
  }
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  in.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
  int sp = in.tellg();
  int total_size = 0;
  int r;
  char length[20];
  sprintf(length, "%d", sp); 

  r = send(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0); 

  if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    printf("send failed\n");
    return false;
  }
  else {
    printf("send success\n");
  } 

  while (sp > 0) {
    in.clear();
    in.seekg(total_size, std::ios_base::beg);
    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    in.read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    int size = sp < BUFFER_SIZE ? sp : BUFFER_SIZE;
    total_size += size;
    r = send(clientSocket, buffer, size, 0); 

    sp -= size;
    if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      printf("send failed\n");
      return false;
    }
    else {
      printf("send success\n");
    }
  }
  in.close();
  return true;
} 

bool ftpServer::receiveFile()
{
  char path[100];
  strcpy(path, workDir);
  strcat(path, "\\");
  strcat(path, name);
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  int ret;
  char length[20];
  ret = recv(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0);
  if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    printf("receive failed\n");
    return false;
  }
  else {
    printf("successfully receive\n");
  }
  int size = atoi(length);
  std::ofstream out; 

  out.open(path, std::ios::binary);
  if (!out) {
    printf("cannot save the file\n");
    return false;
  }
  while (size>0) {
    int s = size < BUFFER_SIZE ? size : BUFFER_SIZE;
    ret = recv(clientSocket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      printf("receive failed\n");
      break;
    }
    else {
      printf("successfully receive\n");
      out.write(buffer, s);
    }
    size -= BUFFER_SIZE;
  }
  out.close();
  return true;
} 

bool ftpServer::doPwd() {
  char temCMD[150];
  memset(temCMD, 0, sizeof(temCMD));
  strcat(temCMD, "echo ");
  strcat(temCMD, workDir);
  strcat(temCMD, " > tempFile");
  system(temCMD);
  memset(temCMD, 0, sizeof(temCMD));
  strcat(temCMD, "dir /b ");
  strcat(temCMD, workDir);
  strcat(temCMD, " >> tempFile");
  system(temCMD); 

  std::ifstream in("tempFile", std::fstream::in);
  if (!in) {
    printf("cannot open the file\n");
    return false;
  }
  memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
  in.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
  int sp = in.tellg();
  int total_size = 0;
  int r;
  char length[20];
  sprintf(length, "%d", sp);
  r = send(clientSocket, length, sizeof(length), 0); 

  if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    printf("send failed\n");
    return false;
  }
  else {
    printf("send success\n");
  }
  while (sp > 0) {
    in.clear();
    in.seekg(total_size, std::ios_base::beg);
    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    in.read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    int size = sp < BUFFER_SIZE ? sp : BUFFER_SIZE;
    total_size += size;
    printf("transfer size = %d\n", total_size);
    r = send(clientSocket, buffer, size, 0); 

    sp -= size;
    if (r == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      printf("send failed\n");
      return false;
    }
    else {
      printf("send success\n");
    }
  }
  in.close();
  return true;
} 

bool ftpServer::isValidPath(char* path) {
  char temCMD[100];
  memset(temCMD, 0, sizeof(temCMD));
  strcat(temCMD, "cd ");
  strcat(temCMD, path);
  int res = system(temCMD);
  return res == 0;
} 

bool ftpServer::doCd() {
  for (int i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
    if (name[i] == '/')
      name[i] = '\\';
  }
  if (name[0] == '.'&&name[1] == '.') {
    char temDir[100];
    strcpy(temDir, workDir);
    for (int i = sizeof(temDir); i >= 0; --i) {
      if (temDir[i] == '\\') {
        temDir[i] = '\0';
        break;
      }
    }
    strcat(temDir, name + 2);
    if (isValidPath(temDir)) {
      strcpy(workDir, temDir);
    }
    else {
      return false;
    }
  }
  else if (name[0] == '.'&&name[1] != '.') {
    char temDir[100];
    strcpy(temDir, workDir);
    strcat(temDir, name + 1);
    if (isValidPath(temDir)) {
      strcpy(workDir, temDir);
    }
    else {
      return false;
    }
  }
  else if (name[1] == ':') {
    if (isValidPath(name)) {
      strcpy(workDir, name);
    }
    else {
      return false;
    }
  }
  else {
    char temDir[100];
    strcpy(temDir, workDir);
    strcat(temDir, "\\");
    strcat(temDir, name);
    if (isValidPath(temDir)) {
      strcpy(workDir, temDir);
    }
    else {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

main.cpp

#include"ftpServer.h"
#pragma(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int main()
{
 ftpServer f;
 f.start();
} 

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