SpringCloud 2020-Ribbon负载均衡服务调用的实现
1、概述
官网:https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started
Ribbon目前也进入维护模式,未来替换方案:
LB(负载均衡)
集中式LB
进程内LB
Ribbon就是负载均衡+RestTemplate调用
2、Ribbon负载均衡演示
1、架构说明
总结:Ribbon其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和eureka结合只是其中的一个实例。
2、
3、二说RestTemplate的使用
官网
修改cloud-consumer-order80
getForObject方法/getForEntity方法
postForObject/postForEntity
- GET请求方法
- POST请求方法
4、依次2启动7001,7002,8001,8002,80。访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/getForEntity/31
3、Ribbon核心组件IRule
IRule:根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
Ribbon自带负载均衡算法:
如何替换负载均衡算法:修改cloud-consumer-order80
1、注意配置细节
2、新建package
3、在myrule下面新建配置类MySelfRule
package com.liukai.myrule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName MySelfRule.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 11:50:00 */ @Configuration public class MySelfRule { @Bean(name = "myRandomRule") public IRule myRule(){ return new RandomRule();//定义为随机 } }
4、主启动类添加@RibbonClient
package com.liukai.springcloud; import com.liukai.myrule.MySelfRule; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient; /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName OrderMain80.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月19日 18:27:00 */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @RibbonClient(name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class) public class OrderMain80 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class); } }
5、测试:依次启动7001,7002,8001,8002,cloud-consumer-order80
访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31
多方问几次,可以发现查询的端口号是随机的,而不是交替出现了
4、Ribbon负载均衡算法
4.1 原理 + 源码
1、注释掉cloud-consumer-order80主启动类的@RibbonClient
2、原理
3、源码:
public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) { if (lb == null) { log.warn("no load balancer"); return null; } Server server = null; int count = 0; while (server == null && count++ < 10) { List<Server> reachableServers = lb.getReachableServers(); List<Server> allServers = lb.getAllServers(); int upCount = reachableServers.size(); int serverCount = allServers.size(); if ((upCount == 0) || (serverCount == 0)) { log.warn("No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb); return null; } int nextServerIndex = incrementAndGetModulo(serverCount); server = allServers.get(nextServerIndex); if (server == null) { /* Transient. */ Thread.yield(); continue; } if (server.isAlive() && (server.isReadyToServe())) { return (server); } // Next. server = null; } if (count >= 10) { log.warn("No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: " + lb); } return server; } /** * Inspired by the implementation of {@link AtomicInteger#incrementAndGet()}. * * @param modulo The modulo to bound the value of the counter. * @return The next value. */ private int incrementAndGetModulo(int modulo) { for (;;) { int current = nextServerCyclicCounter.get(); int next = (current + 1) % modulo; if (nextServerCyclicCounter.compareAndSet(current, next)) return next; } }
4.2 手写负载均衡算法
1、修改8001,8002的controller
// 手写负载均衡需要用到 @GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb") public String getPaymentLB(){ return serverPort; }
2、cloud-consumer-order80的ApplicationContextBean去掉@LoadBalanced
3、新建接口LoadBalancer
package com.liukai.springcloud.lb; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import java.util.List; /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName LoadBalancer.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:24:00 */ public interface LoadBalancer { //收集服务器总共有多少台能够提供服务的机器,并放到list里面 ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances); }
4、新建实现类MyLB
package com.liukai.springcloud.lb; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * @author liukai * @version 1.0.0 * @ClassName MyLB.java * @Description TODO * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:27:00 */ @Component public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer { private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0); //坐标 private final int getAndIncrement() { int current; int next; do { current = this.atomicInteger.get(); next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1; } while (!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current, next)); //第一个参数是期望值,第二个参数是修改值是 System.out.print("*******第几次访问,次数next: " + next); return next; } @Override public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) { //得到机器的列表 int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size(); //得到服务器的下标位置 System.out.println(" ====>端口:" + serviceInstances.get(index).getPort()); return serviceInstances.get(index); } }
5、修改OrderController
@Resource private LoadBalancer loadBalancer; @Resource private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb") public String getPaymentLB(){ List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE"); if (instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){ return null; } // instances.forEach(System.out::println); // 使用手写的负载均衡算法获取服务 ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances); // 获取服务的地址 URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri(); // 拼接地址访问 return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class); }
6、测试:访问 http://localhost/consumer/payment/lb
发现访问的端口号开始轮询出现,手写负载均衡轮询算法成功
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