SpringCloud Feign的使用简介

简介

feign是声明式的web service客户端，它让微服务之间的调用变得更简单了，类似controller调用service。Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon和Eureka，可在使用Feign时提供负载均衡的http客户端。

在springcloud中不仅可以使用Ribbo进行负载均衡，也可以使用Feign。Feign是在Ribbon的基础上进行了一次改进，采用接口的方式实现负载均衡。

使用

• 导入依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>

• 编写对应的接口

@FeignClient(value = "PROVIDER-NAME")声明这是一个FeignClient，value指明需要的服务id

@FeignClient(value = "PROVIDER-NAME")
public interface DeptClientService {
// 请求的路径需与服务提供者的路径一致
    @RequestMapping(value = "/dev/add")
    boolean add(Dept dept);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/dev/{id}")
    Dept queryByID(@PathVariable("id") Long id );

    @PostMapping(value = "/dev/list")
    List<Dept> queryAll();
}

• 修改Controller

我们不再使用RestTemplate来获取所需的对象，而是通过之前定义的接口来获取

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptClientService service;
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/get/{id}")
    public Dept getByID(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return this.service.queryByID(id);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/add")
    public boolean add(String dname){
        Dept dept = new Dept();
        dept.setDname(dname);
        return this.service.add(dept);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return this.service.queryAll();
    }

}

• 修改启动类

@EnableFeignClients 开启Feign负载均衡

@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com")
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.service")
public class FeignApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class,args);
    }
}

• 对比:

Ribbon

public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate template;
    private static final String url="http://PROVIDER-NAME";
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/get/{id}")
    public Dept getByID(@PathVariable long id){
                                                //请求的路径，返回的对象
        Dept getEntity = template.getForObject(url + "/dev/" + id, Dept.class);
        return getEntity;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/add")
    public boolean add(String dname){
        Dept dept = new Dept();
        dept.setDname(dname);
        System.out.println(dept);
        //请求的路径，传递的参数，返回的对象
        return template.postForObject(url+ "/dev/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        //请求的路径，返回的对象
        return template.postForObject(url+"/dev/list",void.class,List.class);
    }

}

Feign

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptClientService service;
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/get/{id}")
    public Dept getByID(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return this.service.queryByID(id);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/add")
    public boolean add(String dname){
        Dept dept = new Dept();
        dept.setDname(dname);
        return this.service.add(dept);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/consumer/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return this.service.queryAll();
    }

}

总结

Feign的使用与Ribbon不同的地方在于

1. Feign通过接口来实现，更符合我们的面向接口编程的习惯
2. 在Ribbon的Controller中我们需要将url拼接，而Feign帮我们进行了拼接

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