python使用requests库爬取拉勾网招聘信息的实现
按F12打开开发者工具抓包,可以定位到招聘信息的接口
在请求中可以获取到接口的url和formdata,表单中pn
为请求的页数,kd
为关请求职位的关键字
使用python构建post请求
data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': '1', 'kd': 'python' } headers = { 'referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } res = requests.post("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data,headers=headers) print(res.text)
发现没有从接口获取到数据
换了个网络后接口还是会返回操作频繁的错误信息,仔细检查后发现这个接口需要一个动态的cookies不然会一值返回错误频繁
data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': '1', 'kd': 'python' } #头部中必须有user-agent和referer不然不会返回cookies headers = { 'referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } #通过访问主页获取cookies r1= requests.get("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput='",headers=headers) #再post请求中传入cookies r2 = requests.post("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data,headers=headers, cookies=r2.cookies) print(r2.text)
注意!每请求十次接口cookies也会刷新一次,下面贴上完整爬虫代码
import json import logging import requests #获取cookie def getCookie(): res = requests.get("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=", headers=headers) return res.cookies #获取json数据 def getPage(i, cookies, kw): data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': i, 'kd': kw } res = requests.post("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data, headers=headers, cookies=cookies) return json.loads(res.text) #合并列表 def reduceList(l): text = "" for i in l: text += i + " " return text.strip() #提取字段并保存到文件中 def saveInCsv(f, data): js = data["content"]["positionResult"]["result"] for node in js: # 对空值进行处理 district = node["district"] if district != None: district = "-" + district else: district = "" f.write( node["positionName"] + "·" + node["city"] + district + "·" + node[ "salary"] + "·" + node["workYear"] + "·" + node["education"] + "·" + reduceList(node["skillLables"]) + "·" + node["companyShortName"] + "·" + node["companySize"] + "·" + node["positionAdvantage"] + "\n") if __name__ == '__main__': #定义头部 headers = { 'referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } #初始化cookie cookies = getCookie() with open("file.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: for i in range(1, 31): #每十个请求重新获取cookie if (i % 10 == 0): cookies = getCookie() #解析字段并存储 data = getPage(i, cookies, "python") saveInCsv(f, data)
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