python爬虫学习笔记--BeautifulSoup4库的使用详解
目录
- 使用范例
- 常用的对象–Tag
- 常用的对象–NavigableString
- 常用的对象–BeautifulSoup
- 常用的对象–Comment
- 对文档树的遍历
- tag中包含多个字符串的情况
- .stripped_strings 去除空白内容
- 搜索文档树–find和find_all
- select方法(各种查找)
- 获取内容
- 总结
使用范例
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #创建 Beautiful Soup 对象 # 使用lxml来进行解析 soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") print(soup.prettify())
返回结果
常用的对象–Tag
就是 HTML 中的一个个标签
在上面范例的基础上添加
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
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charset=utf-8",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},data:JSON.stringify({username:e}),dataType:"json",success:function(t){n.changeFollowStatus(e)},error:function(t){n.changeFollowStatus(e)}}):window.location.href="https://passport.csdn.net/account/login?from="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)}},{key:"changeFollowStatus",value:function(t){$("#barrageBox").find(".barrage-item").each(function(){$(this).find(".barrage-follow").attr("data-username")===t&&$(this).find(".barrage-follow").addClass("is-follow").text("已关注")})}},{key:"checkIsPassport",value:function(){return!!~window.location.href.indexOf("passport.csdn.net")}}]),n}();$(document).on("toolbarReady",function(){var t=window.csdn.toolbarData.barrageData.whiteList;t.length&&n(t)&&(new o).init()})}(),function(){var t=!1,e=function(){function e(){_classCallCheck(this,e),this.container=$(".toolbar-btn.toolbar-btn-collect"),this.data=[],this.currentIndex=0,this.isHideOnce=!1,this.finishInit=!1,this.timer=null,this.init()}return _createClass(e,[{key:"init",value:function(){this.getCollectionFolder()}},{key:"getCollectionFolder",value:function(){var t=this;$.ajax({url:"https://www.csdn.net/community/toolbar-api/v1/favorites-list",type:"get",contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; 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"""
#创建 Beautiful Soup 对象
# 使用lxml来进行解析
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
#print(soup.prettify())
#创建 Beautiful Soup 对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print (soup.title)#None因为这里没有tiele标签所以返回none
print (soup.head)#None因为这里没有head标签所以返回none
print (soup.a)#返回 <a class="fill-dec" href="//my.csdn.net" target="_blank">编辑自我介绍，让更多人了解你<span class="write-icon"></span></a>
print (type(soup.p))#返回 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print( soup.p)
其中print( soup.p)
返回结果为
同样地，在上面地基础上添加
print (soup.name)# [document] #soup 对象本身比较特殊，它的 name 即为 [document]
返回
print (soup.head.name)#head #对于其他内部标签，输出的值为标签本身的名称
print (soup.p.attrs)##把p标签的所有属性打印出来,得到的类型是一个字典。
返回
print (soup.p['class'])#获取P标签下地class标签
soup.p['class'] = "newClass" print (soup.p) # 可以对这些属性和内容等等进行修改
返回
常用的对象–NavigableString
前面地基础上添加
print (soup.p.string) # The Dormouse's story print (type(soup.p.string)) # <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>thon
返回结果
常用的对象–BeautifulSoup
beautiful soup对象表示文档的全部内容。大多数情况下，它可以被视为标记对象。它支持遍历文档树并搜索文档树中描述的大多数方法因为Beauty soup对象不是真正的HTML或XML标记，所以它没有名称和属性。但是，有时查看其内容很方便。Name属性，因此美丽的汤对象包含一个特殊属性。值为“[文档]”的名称
print(soup.name) #返回 '[document]'
常用的对象–Comment
用于解释注释部分的内容
markup = "<b><!--Hey, buddy. Want to buy a used parser?--></b>" soup = BeautifulSoup(markup) comment = soup.b.string type(comment) # <class 'bs4.element.Comment'>
对文档树的遍历
在上面的基础上添加
head_tag = soup.div # 返回所有子节点的列表 print(head_tag.contents)
返回
同理
head_tag = soup.div
# 返回所有子节点的迭代器
for child in head_tag.children:
print(child)
返回
tag中包含多个字符串的情况
可用 .strings 来循环获取
for string in soup.strings:
print(repr(string))
返回
.stripped_strings 去除空白内容
for string in soup.stripped_strings:
print(repr(string))
返回
搜索文档树–find和find_all
找到所有
print(soup.find_all("a",id='link2'))
find方法是找到第一个满足条件的标签后立即返回，返回一个元素。find_all方法是把所有满足条件的标签都选到，然后返回。
select方法(各种查找)
#通过标签名查找：
print(soup.select('a'))
#通过类名查找：
#通过类名，则应该在类的前面加一个'.'
print(soup.select('.sister'))
#通过id查找：
#通过id查找，应该在id的名字前面加一个＃号
print(soup.select("#link1"))
查找a标签返回的结果
其他因为网页本身没有，返回的是一个空列表
组合查找
print(soup.select("p #link1"))#查找 p 标签中，id 等于 link1的内容
子标签查找
print(soup.select("head > title"))
通过属性查找
print(soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]'))#属性与标签属同一节点，中间不能有空格
获取内容
先查看类型
print (type(soup.select('div')))
for title in soup.select('div'):
print (title.get_text())
返回
print (soup.select('div')[20].get_text())#选取第20个div标签的内容
返回
总结
本篇文章就到这里了，希望能给你带来帮助，也希望您能够多多关注我们的更多内容!
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