python爬虫学习笔记--BeautifulSoup4库的使用详解

目录
  • 使用范例
  • 常用的对象–Tag
  • 常用的对象–NavigableString
  • 常用的对象–BeautifulSoup
  • 常用的对象–Comment
  • 对文档树的遍历
  • tag中包含多个字符串的情况
  • .stripped_strings 去除空白内容
  • 搜索文档树–find和find_all
  • select方法(各种查找)
  • 获取内容
  • 总结

使用范例

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
#创建 Beautiful Soup 对象
# 使用lxml来进行解析
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
print(soup.prettify())

返回结果

常用的对象–Tag

就是 HTML 中的一个个标签

在上面范例的基础上添加

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
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this.$btnsBox.append(n),n.on("click",".toolbar-btn-logout",function(){t.clickLogoutBtnHandler()}),this.$msgBox=n.find(".toolbar-msg-box"),this},renderMiniMenu:function(){var t=e('<div class="csdn-toolbar-mini csdn-toolbar-fl">\n        <div class="toolbar-mini-meun-logo">\n          <div class="toolbar-mini-icon"></div>\n          <span>导航</span>\n          <div class="toolbar-mini-partition"></div>\n        </div>\n        <ul class="csdn-toolbar-mini-ul">'+this.navData.map(function(t){return t.active=c(t.url),"index"===t.id&&l()?t.active=!1:"community"!==t.id||l()?d()&&(t.active=!1):t.active=!1,'<li class="'+(t.active?"active ":"")+'csdn-toolbar-mini-li">\n              <a '+(t.report?"data-report-click='"+JSON.stringify(t.report)+"'":"")+" "+(t.report&&t.report.spm?'data-report-query="spm='+t.report.spm+'"':"")+" href='"+t.url+"'>"+t.name+"</a>\n            </li>"}).join("")+"\n        </ul>\n      </div>");return this.$miniMenu.prepend(t),this},renderMsgMenu:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.hasLogin){var e='<div class="toolbar-subMenu">\n                          <a data-type="comment" href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/index"><span \n                          class="pos-rel">评论'+(t.comment?"<i></i>":"")+'</span></a>\n                          <a data-type="attention" href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/attention"><span class="pos-rel">关注'+(t.follow?"<i></i>":"")+'</span></a>         \n                          <a data-type="like" href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/like"><span class="pos-rel">点赞'+(t.thumb_up?"<i></i>":"")+'</span></a>\n                          <a data-type="chat" href="https://im.csdn.net/im/main.html"><span class="pos-rel">私信'+(t.im?"<i></i>":"")+'</span></a>\n                          <a data-type="notice" href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/notice"><span class="pos-rel">系统通知'+(t.system?"<i></i>":"")+'</span></a>\n                          <a href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/setting">消息设置</a>\n                     </div>';this.$btnsBox.find(".toolbar-btn-msg .toolbar-subMenu-box").append(e)}else this.setRemind("https://passport.csdn.net/account/login",0);b.length&&b.forEach(function(t){return t()})},renderCoupon:function(n){var o=e('<a href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/notice" class="toolbar-msg-coupon">你有一张VIP限时优惠券哦</a>');n&&n>0&&-1===t.location.href.indexOf("assign_skin_id")&&(this.$msgBox.append(o),setTimeout(function(){o.remove()},5e3))},renderGuide:function(t){var n=this,r=o("c-toolbar-loginguide"),i=e('<span class="toolbar-msg-guide"><a href="https://i.csdn.net/#/msg/index">登录查看未读消息</a><i></i></span>');!r&&t&&(i.find("i").click(function(t){a("c-toolbar-loginguide",1,864e5),i.remove()}),!n.hasLogin&&t>0&&this.$msgBox.append(i))},renderLiveMsg:function(t){var n=this;if(t&&1===t.status){var o=e('<div class="toolbar-msg-live">\n                      <a class="toolbar-msg-live-title" target="_blank" href="'+t.url+'">'+t.title+'</a>\n                      <p class="toolbar-msg-live-count"><i></i>'+t.count+'人在看</p>\n                      <div class="toolbar-msg-live-avatar"><span><img src="'+t.avatar+'" alt=""></span></div>\n                      <span class="toolbar-msg-live-close"></span>\n                    </div>');o.on("click",".toolbar-msg-live-close",function(t){o.remove()}),o.on("click",".toolbar-msg-live-title",function(e){n.reportLiveId(+t.messageId)}),n.$msgBox.append(o),setTimeout(function(){o.remove()},15e3)}},reportLiveId:function(t){if(t===t){var n={messageId:t};n=JSON.stringify?JSON.stringify(n):'{"messageId":'+t+"}",e.ajax({url:"https://msg.csdn.net/v1/web/message/view/live",type:"post",data:n,contentType:"application/json",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},dataType:"json",success:function(t){}})}},renderSearchHistoryDropMenu:function(){var t=this,n=this.getSearchHistoryData(),o=e('<div class="toolbar-search-drop-menu '+(n.length?"toolbar-search-half":"")+'">\n                        '+(n.length?'<div class="toolbar-search-history">\n                          <p class="toolbar-search-title">搜索历史<span class="toolbar-search-clear"><i></i>清空</span></p>\n                          <ul>\n                            '+n.map(function(t){return'<li class="toolbar-search-item" data-type="history">'+t+"</li>"}).join("")+"\n                          </ul>\n                        </div>":"")+"\n                      </div>");o.on("click",".toolbar-search-clear",function(e){t.clearSearchHistory(),o.find(".toolbar-search-history").remove(),o.removeClass("toolbar-search-half")}).on("click","li",function(n){t.clickSearchItemHandler.call(t,e(this)),t.isMiniRenderSearch||t.setAnimate(t.$NavBox,{width:"auto"})}).on("mouseover","li.toolbar-search-item",function(t){e(this).addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active")}).on("mouseleave","li.toolbar-search-item",function(){e(this).removeClass("active")}),t.clearSeachDropMenu(),t.$searchHotAndHistoryDropMenu=o,t.$searchBox.append(o),t.getHotSearchData()},renderSearchHotDropMenu:function(t){if(t){var n=e('<div class="toolbar-search-hot">\n                      <p class="toolbar-search-title">CSDN热搜</p>\n                      <ul>\n                        '+t.map(function(t,e){return'<li class="toolbar-search-item '+(e<=2||t.hot?"hot":"")+'" data-type="hot">'+(t.productId||t.word)+"</li>"}).join("")+"\n                      </ul>\n                    </div>");n.on("mouseover","li.toolbar-search-item",function(t){e(this).addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active")}).on("mouseleave","li.toolbar-search-item",function(){e(this).removeClass("active")}),this.$searchHotAndHistoryDropMenu.find(".toolbar-search-hot").remove(),this.$searchHotAndHistoryDropMenu&&this.$searchHotAndHistoryDropMenu.append(n)}},renderAssociateWordDropMenu:function(t){if(this.searchInputFocus){var n=this,o=e('<div class="toolbar-search-drop-menu associate-word-drop-menu" style="height: auto;">\n                    <ul>\n                    '+t.map(function(t){return'<li class="toolbar-search-item" data-type="suggest" data-report-view=\''+JSON.stringify(t.reportData.data)+"'>"+t.productId+"</li>"}).join("")+"\n                    </ul>\n                </div>");o.on("click","li",function(t){n.clickSearchItemHandler.call(n,e(this)),n.isMiniRenderSearch||n.setAnimate(n.$NavBox,{width:"auto"})}),o.on("mouseover","li.toolbar-search-item",function(t){e(this).addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active")}).on("mouseleave","li.toolbar-search-item",function(){e(this).removeClass("active")}),this.$searchBox.append(o),this.reportViewCheck()}},clickSearchBtnHandler:function(n){var o=encodeURIComponent(n||this.placeHolder),a=!n&&this.placeHolder,r="",i="https://so.csdn.net/so/search/s.do?q="+o+"&t="+u()+"&u=",s=a?this.urlParamsPlaceholder:this.urlParams;if(void 0,"undefined"===o)return e("#toolbar-search-input").focus(),!1;if(s){for(var c in s)if(s.hasOwnProperty(c)){var l=s[c];r+="&"+c+"="+l}i+=r}this.urlParams="",t.location.href.indexOf("so.csdn.net")>-1?t.csdn&&t.csdn.toolbarSearchUrl?t.location.href=t.csdn.toolbarSearchUrl+o+r:t.location.href=i:t.open(i)},clickSearchItemHandler:function(t){var n=t.text(),o=t.data("type"),a=this,r=t.index(),i={extra:JSON.stringify({searchword:n})};if("hot"===o){var s=a.hotSearchData[r],c=s&&s.reportData;i=c?a.getHotSearchPointData(c,n):Object.assign({},i,{spm:"3001.4502"})}else if("history"===o)i=Object.assign({},i,{spm:"3001.4501"});else{i=this.searchAssociateWord[r].reportData.data;try{i.extra&&"[object Object]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(JSON.parse(i.extra))&&(i.extra=JSON.stringify(Object.assign({},JSON.parse(i.extra),{query:a.historySearchInputValue})))}catch(t){void 0}this.urlParams=this.searchAssociateWord[r].reportData.urlParams}void 0,a.buriedPoint(i),e("#toolbar-search-input").val(n).blur(),a.clickSearchBtnHandler.call(a,n),a.clearSeachDropMenu(),a.isMiniRenderSearch||a.toggleSearchBarInput()},clickAnnouncementHandler:function(){this.hasLogin&&(e("#toolbar-announcement").find(">i").remove(),this.announcement&&(this.announcement.announcementCount=0),a("announcement-new",JSON.stringify(this.announcement),this.announcement.announcementExpire||3e5),this.clearReadAnnouncement())},clickLogoutBtnHandler:function(){var e={mod:"popu_789"},n="https://passport.csdn.net/account/logout?from="+encodeURIComponent(t.location.href);e.dest=n,e.extend1="退出",t.location.href=n,csdn&&csdn.report&&csdn.report.reportClick(e)},clearSeachDropMenu:function(){e(".toolbar-search-drop-menu").remove()},clearReadAnnouncement:function(){e.ajax({url:"https://msg.csdn.net/v1/web/message/read_announcement",type:"post",contentType:"application/json",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},dataType:"json",success:function(t){},error:function(t){void 0}})},setUserAvatar:function(t){var n=t.avatarUrl;if(t.totalCount>0&&n&&!this.hasLogin&&o("UN")){var a='<a class="hasAvatar" href="https://passport.csdn.net/account/login"><img src="'+n+'"></a>';e(".toolbar-btn-login").html(a)}},getHotSearchPointData:function(t,e){var n=this,o=Object.assign({},{searchword:e},JSON.parse(t.data.extra||"{}"));return n.urlParams=t.urlParams,Object.assign({},t.data,{extra:JSON.stringify(o),spm:"3001.4502"})},getReadAnnouncement:function(){var t=this;e.ajax({url:"https://msg.csdn.net/v1/web/message/view/announcement",type:"post",contentType:"application/json",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},dataType:"json",success:function(e){if(e.status){var n=e.data;t.announcement=n,a("announcement-new",JSON.stringify(n),n.announcementExpire||3e5),t.hasLogin?t.getUnreadMsg():t.renderMsgMenu({announcement:n})}},error:function(t){void 0}})},getUnreadMsg:function(){if(this.hasLogin||o("UN")){var t=this,n=JSON.stringify?JSON.stringify({coupon:!0}):'{"coupon":true}';e.ajax({url:"https://msg.csdn.net/v1/web/message/view/unread",type:"post",data:n,contentType:"application/json",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},dataType:"json",success:function(e){if(e.status){var n=e.data;t.setRemind("",n.totalCount),t.setDocumentTitle(n.totalCount),t.renderCoupon(n.coupon_order),t.renderGuide(n.totalCount),t.renderLiveMsg(n.live_info),t.setUserAvatar(n),t.renderMsgMenu(n)}}})}},getSearchHistoryData:function(){return this.searchHistoryArray.splice(0,10)},getSearchHistoryArray:function(t){var n=this;e.ajax({url:"https://so.csdn.net/api/v1/get_search_his",type:"get",contentType:"application/json",dataType:"json",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},success:function(e){200==e.code&&(n.searchHistoryArray=e.data.map(function(t){return t.replace(/</g,"&lt;").replace(/>/g,"&gt;")}),t&&t.call(n))},error:function(t){void 0}})},getHotSearchData:function(){var t=this;if((new Date).valueOf()-t.copyHotSearchDataTime<=2e3&&t.hotSearchData)return void t.renderSearchHotDropMenu(t.hotSearchData);e.ajax({url:"https://silkroad.csdn.net/api/v2/assemble/list/channel/pc_hot_word",type:"get",data:{channel_name:"pc_hot_word",size:10,user_name:t.currentUser.userName,platform:"pc",imei:o("uuid_tt_dd")},contentType:"application/json",dataType:"json",success:function(e){if(200===e.code){var n=e.data&&e.data.items;t.copyHotSearchData(n),t.renderSearchHotDropMenu(n)}},error:function(e){t.hotSearchData&&t.renderSearchHotDropMenu(t.hotSearchData)}})},
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charset=utf-8",xhrFields:{withCredentials:!0},data:JSON.stringify({username:e}),dataType:"json",success:function(t){n.changeFollowStatus(e)},error:function(t){n.changeFollowStatus(e)}}):window.location.href="https://passport.csdn.net/account/login?from="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)}},{key:"changeFollowStatus",value:function(t){$("#barrageBox").find(".barrage-item").each(function(){$(this).find(".barrage-follow").attr("data-username")===t&&$(this).find(".barrage-follow").addClass("is-follow").text("已关注")})}},{key:"checkIsPassport",value:function(){return!!~window.location.href.indexOf("passport.csdn.net")}}]),n}();$(document).on("toolbarReady",function(){var t=window.csdn.toolbarData.barrageData.whiteList;t.length&&n(t)&&(new o).init()})}(),function(){var t=!1,e=function(){function e(){_classCallCheck(this,e),this.container=$(".toolbar-btn.toolbar-btn-collect"),this.data=[],this.currentIndex=0,this.isHideOnce=!1,this.finishInit=!1,this.timer=null,this.init()}return _createClass(e,[{key:"init",value:function(){this.getCollectionFolder()}},{key:"getCollectionFolder",value:function(){var t=this;$.ajax({url:"https://www.csdn.net/community/toolbar-api/v1/favorites-list",type:"get",contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; 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"""
#创建 Beautiful Soup 对象
# 使用lxml来进行解析
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
#print(soup.prettify())

#创建 Beautiful Soup 对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')

print (soup.title)#None因为这里没有tiele标签所以返回none

print (soup.head)#None因为这里没有head标签所以返回none

print (soup.a)#返回 <a class="fill-dec" href="//my.csdn.net" target="_blank">编辑自我介绍,让更多人了解你<span class="write-icon"></span></a>

print (type(soup.p))#返回 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>

print( soup.p)

其中print( soup.p)

返回结果为

同样地,在上面地基础上添加

print (soup.name)# [document] #soup 对象本身比较特殊,它的 name 即为 [document]

返回

print (soup.head.name)#head #对于其他内部标签,输出的值为标签本身的名称
print (soup.p.attrs)##把p标签的所有属性打印出来,得到的类型是一个字典。

返回

print (soup.p['class'])#获取P标签下地class标签
soup.p['class'] = "newClass"
print (soup.p) # 可以对这些属性和内容等等进行修改

返回

常用的对象–NavigableString

前面地基础上添加

print (soup.p.string)
# The Dormouse's story
print (type(soup.p.string))
# <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>thon

返回结果

常用的对象–BeautifulSoup

beautiful soup对象表示文档的全部内容。大多数情况下,它可以被视为标记对象。它支持遍历文档树并搜索文档树中描述的大多数方法因为Beauty soup对象不是真正的HTML或XML标记,所以它没有名称和属性。但是,有时查看其内容很方便。Name属性,因此美丽的汤对象包含一个特殊属性。值为“[文档]”的名称

print(soup.name)
#返回 '[document]'

常用的对象–Comment

用于解释注释部分的内容

markup = "<b><!--Hey, buddy. Want to buy a used parser?--></b>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(markup)
comment = soup.b.string
type(comment)
# <class 'bs4.element.Comment'>

对文档树的遍历

在上面的基础上添加

head_tag = soup.div
# 返回所有子节点的列表
print(head_tag.contents)

返回

同理

head_tag = soup.div

# 返回所有子节点的迭代器
for child in head_tag.children:
    print(child)

返回

tag中包含多个字符串的情况

可用 .strings 来循环获取

for string in soup.strings:
    print(repr(string))

返回

.stripped_strings 去除空白内容

for string in soup.stripped_strings:
    print(repr(string))

返回

搜索文档树–find和find_all

找到所有

print(soup.find_all("a",id='link2'))

find方法是找到第一个满足条件的标签后立即返回,返回一个元素。find_all方法是把所有满足条件的标签都选到,然后返回。

select方法(各种查找)

#通过标签名查找:
print(soup.select('a'))
#通过类名查找:
#通过类名,则应该在类的前面加一个'.'
print(soup.select('.sister'))
#通过id查找:
#通过id查找,应该在id的名字前面加一个#号
print(soup.select("#link1"))

查找a标签返回的结果

其他因为网页本身没有,返回的是一个空列表

组合查找

print(soup.select("p #link1"))#查找 p 标签中,id 等于 link1的内容

子标签查找

print(soup.select("head > title"))

通过属性查找

print(soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]'))#属性与标签属同一节点,中间不能有空格

获取内容

先查看类型

print (type(soup.select('div')))

for title in soup.select('div'):
    print (title.get_text())

返回

print (soup.select('div')[20].get_text())#选取第20个div标签的内容

返回

总结

本篇文章就到这里了,希望能给你带来帮助,也希望您能够多多关注我们的更多内容!

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