Spring整合消息队列RabbitMQ流程

目录

• 搭建生产者工程
• 创建工程
• 添加依赖
• 配置整合
• 发送消息
• 搭建消费者工程
• 创建工程
• 添加依赖
• 配置整合
• 消息监听器

搭建生产者工程

创建工程

添加依赖

修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置整合

创建spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties连接参数等配置文件；

rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

创建 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml 整合配置文件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
    <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
    默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
    id:bean的名称
    name : queue的名称
    auto-declare 自动创建
    auto-delete 自动删除，最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后自动删除
    duable 是否持久化
    -->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
    <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:fanout-exchange>
	<!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name=“aa”">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1 key="xx"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>-->
    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>
    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>
    <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>

发送消息

创建测试文件 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\test\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\ProducerTest.java

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml")
public class ProducerTest {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
     * 只发队列消息
     * 默认交换机类型为 direct
     * 交换机的名称为空，路由键为队列的名称
     */
    @Test
    public void queueTest(){
        //路由键与队列同名
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只发队列spring_queue的消息。");
    }
    /**
     * 发送广播
     * 交换机类型为 fanout
     * 绑定到该交换机的所有队列都能够收到消息
     */
    @Test
    public void fanoutTest(){
        /**
         * 参数1：交换机名称
         * 参数2：路由键名（广播设置为空）
         * 参数3：发送的消息内容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "发送到spring_fanout_exchange交换机的广播消息");
    }
    /**
     * 通配符
     * 交换机类型为 topic
     * 匹配路由键的通配符，*表示一个单词，#表示多个单词
     * 绑定到该交换机的匹配队列能够收到对应消息
     */
    @Test
    public void topicTest(){
        /**
         * 参数1：交换机名称
         * 参数2：路由键名
         * 参数3：发送的消息内容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.1的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.2的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机itcast.cn的消息");
    }
}

搭建消费者工程

创建工程

添加依赖

修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置整合

创建spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties连接参数等配置文件；

rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml 整合配置文件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>
    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

消息监听器

1）队列监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\SpringQueueListener.java

public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2）广播监听器1

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener1.java

public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("广播监听器1：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3）广播监听器2

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener2.java

public class FanoutListener2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("广播监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4）星号通配符监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerStar.java

public class TopicListenerStar implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符*监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5）井号通配符监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell.java

public class TopicListenerWell implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符#监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

6）井号通配符监听器2

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell2.java

public class TopicListenerWell2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符#监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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