Java Http接口加签、验签操作方法

1、业务背景

最近接触了一些电商业务，发现在处理电商业务接口时，比如淘宝、支付类接口，接口双方为了确保数据参数在传输过程中未经过篡改，都需要对接口数据进行加签，然后在接口服务器端对接口参数进行验签，确保两个签名是一样的，验签通过之后再进行业务逻辑处理。我们这里主要介绍一下处理思路，至于签名算法我不做过多介绍，网上一大堆。

2、处理思路

双方约定好，参数按特定顺序排列，比如按首字母的顺序排列，如url:http://xxx/xxx.do?a=wersd&b=sd2354&c=4&signature=XXXXXXXXXXXX(signature为传入的签名)，等你拿到入参后，将参数串a=wersd&b=sd2354&c=4按你们约定的签名规则，自己用md5加签一次，然后和入参的signature值对比，以确认调用者是否合法，这就是接口签名验证的思路。

3、实例练习

接口双方经过沟通，对接口达成如下共识：

1、注意事项，主要指接口的的协议、传入参数类型、签名算法、文件格式等说明

2、下面是一个电商业务接口的真实案例，双方约定好了接口URL、业务参数、固定参数、签名以及返回数据格式

接口调用时，接口调用方代码如下(仅供参考)：

package com.pcmall;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;

public class APITest {
  static String TEST_URL = "待定";
  static String TEST_KEY = "待定";
  static String TEST_SEC = "待定";					

  public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    String result = getResult(TEST_URL, getReqParam());
    System.out.print(result);
  }					

  private static String getReqParam() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
  	TreeMap<String, String> req = new TreeMap<String, String>();
    req.put("a", TEST_KEY);
    req.put("f", "json");
    req.put("l", "zh_CN");
    req.put("m", "zhongan.repair.query");
    req.put("v", "1.0");
    req.put("i", "" + System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
    req.put("params", "{\"assignNo\":\"TEST018\"}");
    req.put("s", sign(req, null, TEST_SEC));					

    StringBuilder param = new StringBuilder();
    for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = req.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
      Map.Entry<String, String> e = it.next();
      param.append("&").append(e.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(e.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
    }					

    return param.toString().substring(1);
  }					

  private static String sign(Map<String, String> paramValues, List<String> ignoreParamNames, String secret) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    List<String> paramNames = new ArrayList<String>(paramValues.size());
    paramNames.addAll(paramValues.keySet());
    if (ignoreParamNames != null && ignoreParamNames.size() > 0) {
      for (String ignoreParamName : ignoreParamNames) {
        paramNames.remove(ignoreParamName);
      }
    }
    Collections.sort(paramNames);					

    sb.append(secret);
    for (String paramName : paramNames) {
      sb.append(paramName).append(paramValues.get(paramName));
    }
    sb.append(secret);					

    MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
    return byte2hex(md.digest(sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8")));
  }					

  private static String byte2hex(byte[] bytes) {
    StringBuilder sign = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      String hex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[i] & 0xFF);
      if (hex.length() == 1) {
        sign.append("0");
      }
      sign.append(hex.toUpperCase());
    }
    return sign.toString();
  }					

  private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content) {
    URL url = null;
    HttpURLConnection connection = null;
    try {
      url = new URL(urlStr);
      connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      connection.setDoOutput(true);
      connection.setDoInput(true);
      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");
      connection.setUseCaches(false);
      connection.connect();					

      DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
      out.write(content.getBytes("UTF-8"));
      out.flush();
      out.close();					

      BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
      StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
      String line = "";
      while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        buffer.append(line);
      }
      reader.close();					

      return buffer.toString();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      if (connection != null) {
        connection.disconnect();
      }
    }					

    return null;
  }	

}

服务器端代码如下(仅供参考)：

@RequestMapping("/repairTakeOrder")
	@ResponseBody
	public ResponseVO repairTakeOrder(@RequestBody String jsonStr) {
		logger.info("repairTakeOrder入参：" + jsonStr);

		ResponseVO responseVO = null;
		try {
			RepairOrder repairOrder = JackJsonUtil.toBean(jsonStr,
					RepairOrder.class);
			TreeMap<String, String> paramsMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
			paramsMap.put("gsxx01", repairOrder.getGsxx01());
			paramsMap.put("orderType", repairOrder.getOrderType().toString());
			paramsMap.put("serviceNo", repairOrder.getServiceNo());
			paramsMap.put("vipCard", repairOrder.getVipCard());
			paramsMap.put("customerName", repairOrder.getCustomerName());
			paramsMap.put("customerPhone", repairOrder.getCustomerPhone());
			paramsMap.put("customerTel", repairOrder.getCustomerTel());
			paramsMap.put("province", repairOrder.getProvince());
			paramsMap.put("city", repairOrder.getCity());
			paramsMap.put("county", repairOrder.getCounty());
			paramsMap.put("address", repairOrder.getAddress());
			paramsMap.put("salerCode", repairOrder.getSalerCode());
			paramsMap.put("salerName", repairOrder.getSalerName());
			paramsMap.put("storeCode", repairOrder.getStoreCode());
			paramsMap.put("storeName", repairOrder.getStoreName());
			paramsMap.put("site", repairOrder.getSite());

			paramsMap.put("siteDesp", repairOrder.getSiteDesp());
			paramsMap.put("engineerCode", repairOrder.getEngineerCode());
			paramsMap.put("engineerName", repairOrder.getEngineerName());
			if (repairOrder.getServiceDate() != null) {
				paramsMap.put("serviceDate",
						DateUtils.formatDate(repairOrder.getServiceDate()));
			}

			if (repairOrder.getSalePrice() != null) {
				paramsMap.put("salePrice", repairOrder.getSalePrice()
						.toString());
			}

			paramsMap.put("profitCenter", repairOrder.getProfitCenter());
			paramsMap.put("costCenter", repairOrder.getCostCenter());
			paramsMap.put("gsxx02", repairOrder.getGsxx02());
			paramsMap.put("returnReason", repairOrder.getReturnReason());
			if (repairOrder.getOriOrder() != null) {
				paramsMap.put("oriOrder", repairOrder.getOriOrder().toString());
			}

			if (repairOrder.getOriServiceNo() != null) {
				paramsMap.put("oriServiceNo", repairOrder.getOriServiceNo());
			}

			// 拼接签名原串(a=1&b=2)
			String paramSrc = RequestUtils.getParamSrc(paramsMap);
			logger.info("签名原串：" + paramSrc);
			//进行验签操作
			if (SignUtils.verifymd5(paramSrc, repairOrder.getSign())) {
				//处理业务逻辑
				responseVO=erpServiceImpl.repairTakeOrder(repairOrder);

			} else {
				responseVO = new ResponseVO();
				responseVO.setSuccess(false);
				responseVO.setErrorMsg("验签失败");
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.error("", e);
			responseVO = new ResponseVO();
			responseVO.setSuccess(false);
			responseVO.setErrorMsg(StringUtils.isNotBlank(e.getMessage()) ? e.getMessage() : "后台异常");
		}
		return responseVO;

	}

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