Angular 表单控件示例代码

本文将介绍 Angular Template-driven 表单中，常用控件的使用。涉及的表单控件如下：

1. text
2. number
3. radio
4. select (基本类型)
5. select (对象)
6. multi select
7. cascading select (级联操作)
8. checkbox (boolean)
9. multi checkbox

表单的局部效果

数据接口

export interface User {
 name: string; // 名字
 age?: number; // 年龄
 gender?: string; // 性别
 role?: string; // 角色
 theme?: Theme; // 主题
 isActive?: boolean; // 是否激活
 hobbies?: {[key: string]: boolean}; // 爱好
 topics?: string[]; // 话题
 province: number; // 省
 city: number; // 市
}

export interface Theme {
 display: string; // 显示文本
 backgroundColor: string; // 背景颜色
 fontColor: string; // 字体颜色
}

控件使用示例

Text

<div class="form-group">
  <label>名字</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" [(ngModel)]="user.name">
</div>

Number

<div class="form-group">
  <label>年龄</label>
  <input type="number" class="form-control" name="age" [(ngModel)]="user.age">
</div>

Radio

数据

genders = [{ value: 'F', display: '女' },{ value: 'M', display: '男' }];

模板

<div class="form-group">
  <label>性别</label>
   <label *ngFor="let gender of genders;">
   <input type="radio" name="gender" [(ngModel)]="user.gender"
     [value]="gender.value">
      {{gender.display}}
 </label>
</div>

Select - 基本类型

数据

代码如下:

roles = [{ value: 'admin', display: '管理员' },{ value: 'user', display: '普通用户' }];

模板

<div class="form-group">
 <label>角色</label>
 <select name="role" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.role">
   <option *ngFor="let role of roles" [value]="role.value">
    {{role.display}}
  </option>
 </select>
</div>

Select - 对象

数据

themes: Theme[] = [
 { backgroundColor: 'black', fontColor: 'white', display: '黑色' },
 { backgroundColor: 'white', fontColor: 'black', display: '白色' },
 { backgroundColor: 'grey', fontColor: 'white', display: '灰色' }
];

模板

<div class="form-group">
 <label>主题</label>
 <select name="theme" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.theme">
   <option *ngFor="let theme of themes" [ngValue]="theme">
     {{theme.display}}
   </option>
  </select>
</div>

Mulit Select

数据

topics = [
 { value: 'game', display: '游戏' },
 { value: 'tech', display: '科技' },
 { value: 'life', display: '生活' }
];

模板

<div class="form-group">
  <label>话题</label>
  <select multiple name="topics" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.topics">
   <option *ngFor="let topic of topics" [value]="topic.value">
     {{topic.display}}
   </option>
  </select>
</div>

Cascading Select - 级联操作

数据

provinces = [
  {pk:1,pv:'北京'},
  {pk:16,pv:'福建'}
 ];

citieData = [
  {pk:1,ck:72,cv:'朝阳区'},{pk:1,ck:2800,cv:'海淀区'},
  {pk:1,ck:2801,cv:'西城区'},{pk: 16,ck: 1303,cv: '福州市'},
  {pk: 16,ck: 1315,cv: '厦门市'},{pk: 16,ck: 1332,cv: '泉州市'}
];

cities = this.citieData.filter(city => city.pk === 16); // 默认福建省

模板

<div class="form-group">
  <label>地址</label>
  <select name="province" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.province"
   (change)="changeProvince($event.target.value)">
     <option *ngFor="let province of provinces" [value]="province.pk">
       {{province.pv}}
     </option>
  </select>
  <select name="city" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.city">
    <option *ngFor="let city of cities" [value]="city.ck">
     {{city.cv}}
    </option>
  </select>
</div>

Checkbox

模板

<div class="form-group">
  <div class="checkbox">
   <label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="isActive" [(ngModel)]="user.isActive">
      是否激活
   </label>
  </div>
</div>

Multi Checkbox

数据

hobbies = [
 { value: 'reading', display: '看书' },
 { value: 'music', display: '听歌' },
 { value: 'movie', display: '电影' }
];

模板

<div class="form-group">
  <label>爱好</label>
  <span *ngFor="let hobby of hobbies">
    <input type="checkbox" name="bobby" [value]="hobby.value"
     [checked]="user.hobbies[hobby.value]"
     (change)="changeHobby(hobby, $event)" />
       {{hobby.display}}
  </span>
</div>

完整示例

模板

<h4>{{title}}</h4>
<form #f="ngForm" novalidate>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>名字</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" [(ngModel)]="user.name">
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>年龄</label>
    <input type="number" class="form-control" name="age" [(ngModel)]="user.age">
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>性别</label>
    <label *ngFor="let gender of genders;">
     <input type="radio" name="gender" [(ngModel)]="user.gender"
      [value]="gender.value">
      {{gender.display}}
    </label>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>角色</label>
    <select name="role" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.role">
     <option *ngFor="let role of roles" [value]="role.value">
      {{role.display}}</option>
    </select>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>主题</label>
    <select name="theme" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.theme">
     <option *ngFor="let theme of themes" [ngValue]="theme">
      {{theme.display}}
     </option>
    </select>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <div class="checkbox">
     <label>
      <input type="checkbox" name="isActive" [(ngModel)]="user.isActive">
      是否激活
     </label>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>话题</label>
    <select multiple name="topics" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.topics">
     <option *ngFor="let topic of topics" [value]="topic.value">
      {{topic.display}}
     </option>
    </select>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>爱好</label>
    <span *ngFor="let hobby of hobbies">
      <input type="checkbox" name="bobby" [value]="hobby.value"
          [checked]="user.hobbies[hobby.value]"
       (change)="changeHobby(hobby, $event)" />
      {{hobby.display}}
    </span>
   </div>
   <div class="form-group">
    <label>地址</label>
    <select name="province" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.province"
     (change)="changeProvince($event.target.value)">
     <option *ngFor="let province of provinces" [value]="province.pk">
      {{province.pv}}
     </option>
    </select>
    <select name="city" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="user.city">
     <option *ngFor="let city of cities" [value]="city.ck">{{city.cv}}</option>
    </select>
   </div>
   <button type="submit" (click)="save()" class="btn btn-default">保存</button>
</form>

组件类

export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
 title = '新增用户';
 user: User;

 genders = [{ value: 'F', display: '女' },{ value: 'M', display: '男' }];

 roles = [{ value: 'admin', display: '管理员' },{ value: 'user', display: '普通用户' }];

 themes: Theme[] = [
  { backgroundColor: 'black', fontColor: 'white', display: '黑色' },
  { backgroundColor: 'white', fontColor: 'black', display: '白色' },
  { backgroundColor: 'grey', fontColor: 'white', display: '灰色' }
 ];

 topics = [
  { value: 'game', display: '游戏' },
  { value: 'tech', display: '科技' },
  { value: 'life', display: '生活' }
 ];

 hobbies = [
  { value: 'reading', display: '看书' },
  { value: 'music', display: '听歌' },
  { value: 'movie', display: '电影' }
 ];

 provinces = [
  {pk:1,pv:'北京'},
  {pk:16,pv:'福建'}
 ];

 citieData = [
  {pk:1,ck:72,cv:'朝阳区'},{pk:1,ck:2800,cv:'海淀区'},
  {pk:1,ck:2801,cv:'西城区'},{pk: 16,ck: 1303,cv: '福州市'},
  {pk: 16,ck: 1315,cv: '厦门市'},{pk: 16,ck: 1332,cv: '泉州市'}
 ];

 cities = this.citieData.filter(city => city.pk === 16);

 changeHobby(hobby, event) {
  this.user.hobbies[hobby.value] = event.target.checked;
 }

 changeProvince(pk) {
  this.cities = this.citieData.filter((city)=> city.pk == pk);
  this.user.city = this.cities[0].ck;
 }

 ngOnInit(): void {
  this.user = {
   name: '',
   gender: this.genders[0].value,
   role: this.roles[1].value,
   theme: this.themes[0],
   isActive: false,
   hobbies: {'music': true},
   topics: [this.topics[1].value],
   province: 16, // 福建省
   city: 1315 // 厦门市
  }
 }

  save() {
  console.log(this.user);
 }
}

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