Vue3和Electron实现桌面端应用详解
目录
- Vue CLI 搭建Vue项目
- Vue项目改造为markdown编辑器
- Vue CLI Plugin Electron Builder
- 优化功能
- 启动全屏显示
- 修改菜单栏
- 编辑器打开markdonw文件的内容
- markdonw的内容存入文件
- 打包
为了方便记录一些个人随笔,我最近用Laravel
和Vue 3.0
撸了一个博客系统,其中使用到了一个基于markdown-it的 markdown
编辑器Vue组件v-md-editor。我感觉用它去编写markdown
还是很方便的。后面就有了一个想法,基于此组件用Electron来实现一个markdown
桌面端应用,自己平时拿来使用也是个不错的选择。
题外话:VS Code就是用Electron开发出来的桌面应用,我现在除了移动端的开发外,其他的都是使用VS Code来开发了,各种插件开发起来真的很方便。
接下来我就带大家来一步步来实现这个功能。
Vue CLI 搭建Vue项目
在选择的目录下执行vue create electron-vue3-mark-down
选择自定义的模板(可以选择默认的Vue 3 模板)
选择Vue3 和 TypeScript, 其他的选项基于自身项目决定是否选择
执行npm run serve
看看效果
Vue项目改造为markdown编辑器
执行npm i @kangc/v-md-editor@next -S
安装v-md-editor
添加TypeScript类型定义文件
由于v-md-editor这个库没有TypeScript类型定义文件,我就直接在shims-vue.d.ts这个文件的后面添加的,当然也可以新建一个文件添加申明(tsconfig.json能找到这个文件就OK)。
declare module "*.vue" { import type { DefineComponent } from "vue"; const component: DefineComponent<{}, {}, any>; export default component; } <!-- 添加的内容 --> declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js"; declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index"; declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index"; declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor"; declare module "prismjs";
改造App.vue
<template> <div> <v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor> </div> </template> <script lang="ts"> // 编辑器 import VMdEditor from "@kangc/v-md-editor"; import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/style/base-editor.css"; import vuepress from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js"; import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/style/vuepress.css"; // 高亮显示 import Prism from "prismjs"; import "prismjs/components/prism-json"; import "prismjs/components/prism-dart"; import "prismjs/components/prism-c"; import "prismjs/components/prism-swift"; import "prismjs/components/prism-kotlin"; import "prismjs/components/prism-java"; // 快捷复制代码 import createCopyCodePlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index"; import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/copy-code.css"; // 行号 import createLineNumbertPlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index"; VMdEditor.use(vuepress, { Prism, }) .use(createCopyCodePlugin()) .use(createLineNumbertPlugin()); import { defineComponent, ref } from "vue"; export default defineComponent({ name: "App", components: { VMdEditor }, setup() { const content = ref(""); return { content }; }, }); </script> <style> /* 去掉一些按钮 */ .v-md-icon-save, .v-md-icon-fullscreen { display: none; } </style>
这个文件也很简单,整个页面就是一个编辑器
<v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor>
,这个markdown编辑器有高亮显示,代码显示行号,复制代码按钮等插件,当然更方便的是可以添加其他的插件丰富这个markdown编辑器的功能.
效果如下
Vue CLI Plugin Electron Builder
我尝试过用Vite 2.0去搭建Electron项目,但是没有找到类似的Vite和Electron结合好使的工具,所以放弃了Vite 2.0的诱惑。如果有小伙伴有推荐可以分享下。
使用vue add electron-builder
安装,我选择的是13.0.0的Electron的最新版本。
我一般是选择最高的版本,其实这个版本有坑,我后面再想想要不要介绍下这个坑,哈哈。
我们看到新加了很多的依赖库,还添加了一个
background.ts
文件。简单介绍下,这个文件执行在主线程,其他的页面都是在渲染线程。渲染线程有很多限制的,有些功能只能在主线程执行,这里就不具体展开了。
执行npm run electron:serve
看效果
至此,就可以看到桌面应用的效果了,并且边修改Vue的代码,桌面应用也能实时看到修改后的效果。
优化功能
启动全屏显示
引入screen
import { screen } from "electron";
创建窗口的时候设置为screen大小
<!-- background.ts --> async function createWindow() { const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize; const win = new BrowserWindow({ width, height, // 省略... }); // 省略... }
这样应用启动的时候就是全屏显示了。
修改菜单栏
定义菜单栏
<!-- background.ts --> const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [ { label: "MarkDown", submenu: [ { label: "关于", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W", role: "about", }, { label: "退出程序", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q", role: "quit", }, ], }, { label: "文件", submenu: [ { label: "打开文件", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { // TODO: 打开文件 }, }, { label: "存储", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { // TODO: 存储内容 }, }, ], }, { label: "编辑", submenu: [ { label: "撤销", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z", role: "undo", }, { label: "重做", accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z", role: "redo", }, { type: "separator", }, { label: "剪切", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X", role: "cut", }, { label: "复制", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C", role: "copy", }, { label: "粘贴", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V", role: "paste", }, ], }, { label: "窗口", role: "window", submenu: [ { label: "最小化", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M", role: "minimize", }, { label: "最大化", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.maximize(); } }, }, { type: "separator", }, { label: "切换全屏", accelerator: (function () { if (process.platform === "darwin") { return "Ctrl+Command+F"; } else { return "F11"; } })(), click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen()); } }, }, ], }, { label: "帮助", role: "help", submenu: [ { label: "学习更多", click: function () { shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io"); }, }, ], }, ];
具体如何定义参阅Electron Menu。
打开文件和存储目前还没实现,后面实现。
设置菜单栏
import { Menu } from "electron"; app.on("ready", async () => { // 省略... // 创建菜单 Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)); });
在
ready
钩子函数中进行设置Menu。
效果
编辑器打开markdonw文件的内容
主线程选择文件,将文件路径传给渲染线程
<!-- background.ts --> dialog .showOpenDialog({ properties: ["openFile"], filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }], }) .then((res) => { if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) { const filePath = res["filePaths"][0]; // 将文件传给渲染线程 if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath); } } }) .catch((err) => { console.log(err); });
showOpenDialog
是打开文件的方法,我们这里指定了只打开md文件;获得文件路径后,通过
focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);
这个方法将文件路径传给渲染线程。
渲染线程取到文件路径,读取文件内容,赋值给markdown编辑器
<!-- App.vue --> import { ipcRenderer } from "electron"; import { readFileSync } from "fs"; export default defineComponent({ // 省略... setup() { const content = ref(""); onMounted(() => { // 1. ipcRenderer.on("open-file-path", (e, filePath: string) => { if (filePath && filePath.length > 0) { // 2. content.value = readFileSync(filePath).toString(); } }); }); return { content }; }, });
vue添加node支持
<!-- vue.config.js --> module.exports = { pluginOptions: { electronBuilder: { nodeIntegration: true, }, }, };
效果
markdonw的内容存入文件
主线程发起向渲染线程获取编辑器内容的请求
<!-- background.js --> if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", ""); }
渲染线程主线程向返回编辑器的内容
<!-- App.vue --> onMounted(() => { ipcRenderer.on("get-content", () => { ipcRenderer.send("save-content", content.value); }); });
主线程收到内容然后存入文件
<!-- background.ts --> // 存储文件 ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => { if (openedFile.length > 0) { // 直接存储到文件中去 try { writeFileSync(openedFile, content); console.log("保存成功"); } catch (error) { console.log("保存失败"); } } else { const options = { title: "保存文件", defaultPath: "new.md", filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }], }; const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow(); if (focusedWindow) { dialog .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options) .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => { if (result.filePath) { try { writeFileSync(result.filePath, content); console.log("保存成功"); openedFile = result.filePath; } catch (error) { console.log("保存失败"); } } }) .catch((error) => { console.log(error); }); } } });
效果
打包
设置应用的名字和图片
<!-- vue.config.js --> module.exports = { pluginOptions: { electronBuilder: { nodeIntegration: true, // 添加的设置 builderOptions: { appId: "com.johnny.markdown", productName: "JJMarkDown", // 应用的名字 copyright: "Copyright © 2021", //版权声明 mac: { icon: "./public/icon.icns", // icon }, }, }, }, };
icon.icns生成 准备一个1024*1024的图片,同级目录下创建一个为icons.iconset
的文件夹;
创建各种不同尺寸要求的图片文件
sips -z 16 16 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16.png sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16@2x.png sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32.png sips -z 64 64 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32@2x.png sips -z 128 128 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128.png sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128@2x.png sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256.png sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256@2x.png sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512.png sips -z 1024 1024 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512@2x.png
获得名为icon.icns的图标文件
iconutil -c icns icons.iconset -o icon.icns
打包
npm run electron:build
结果
获得的dmg文件就可以直接安装使用了。
代码
<!-- background.ts --> "use strict"; import { app, protocol, BrowserWindow, screen, Menu, MenuItem, shell, dialog, ipcMain, } from "electron"; import { KeyboardEvent, MenuItemConstructorOptions } from "electron/main"; import { createProtocol } from "vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder/lib"; import installExtension, { VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS } from "electron-devtools-installer"; const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production"; import { writeFileSync } from "fs"; let openedFile = ""; // 存储文件 ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => { if (openedFile.length > 0) { // 直接存储到文件中去 try { writeFileSync(openedFile, content); console.log("保存成功"); } catch (error) { console.log("保存失败"); } } else { const options = { title: "保存文件", defaultPath: "new.md", filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }], }; const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow(); if (focusedWindow) { dialog .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options) .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => { if (result.filePath) { try { writeFileSync(result.filePath, content); console.log("保存成功"); openedFile = result.filePath; } catch (error) { console.log("保存失败"); } } }) .catch((error) => { console.log(error); }); } } }); const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [ { label: "MarkDown", submenu: [ { label: "关于", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W", role: "about", }, { label: "退出程序", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q", role: "quit", }, ], }, { label: "文件", submenu: [ { label: "打开文件", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { dialog .showOpenDialog({ properties: ["openFile"], filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }], }) .then((res) => { if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) { const filePath = res["filePaths"][0]; // 将文件传给渲染线程 if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath); openedFile = filePath; } } }) .catch((err) => { console.log(err); }); }, }, { label: "存储", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", ""); } }, }, ], }, { label: "编辑", submenu: [ { label: "撤销", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z", role: "undo", }, { label: "重做", accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z", role: "redo", }, { type: "separator", }, { label: "剪切", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X", role: "cut", }, { label: "复制", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C", role: "copy", }, { label: "粘贴", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V", role: "paste", }, ], }, { label: "窗口", role: "window", submenu: [ { label: "最小化", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M", role: "minimize", }, { label: "最大化", accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M", click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.maximize(); } }, }, { type: "separator", }, { label: "切换全屏", accelerator: (function () { if (process.platform === "darwin") { return "Ctrl+Command+F"; } else { return "F11"; } })(), click: ( item: MenuItem, focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined, // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars _event: KeyboardEvent ) => { if (focusedWindow) { focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen()); } }, }, ], }, { label: "帮助", role: "help", submenu: [ { label: "学习更多", click: function () { shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io"); }, }, ], }, ]; protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([ { scheme: "app", privileges: { secure: true, standard: true } }, ]); async function createWindow() { const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize; const win = new BrowserWindow({ width, height, webPreferences: { nodeIntegration: true, contextIsolation: false, }, }); if (process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL) { // Load the url of the dev server if in development mode await win.loadURL(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL as string); if (!process.env.IS_TEST) win.webContents.openDevTools(); } else { createProtocol("app"); // Load the index.html when not in development win.loadURL("app://./index.html"); } } // Quit when all windows are closed. app.on("window-all-closed", () => { // On macOS it is common for applications and their menu bar // to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q if (process.platform !== "darwin") { app.quit(); } }); app.on("activate", () => { // On macOS it's common to re-create a window in the app when the // dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open. if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow(); }); // This method will be called when Electron has finished // initialization and is ready to create browser windows. // Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs. app.on("ready", async () => { if (isDevelopment && !process.env.IS_TEST) { // Install Vue Devtools try { await installExtension(VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS); } catch (e) { console.error("Vue Devtools failed to install:", e.toString()); } } createWindow(); // 创建菜单 Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)); }); // Exit cleanly on request from parent process in development mode. if (isDevelopment) { if (process.platform === "win32") { process.on("message", (data) => { if (data === "graceful-exit") { app.quit(); } }); } else { process.on("SIGTERM", () => { app.quit(); }); } }
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