Spring框架web项目实战全代码分享

以下是一个最简单的示例

1、新建一个标准的javaweb项目

2、导入spring所需的一些基本的jar包

3、配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <!-- 应用程序Spring上下文配置 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
      classpath*:applicationContext*.xml,
    </param-value>
  </context-param> 

  <!-- spring上下文加载监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>
      org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
  </listener>
 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
</web-app> 

4、添加spring配置文件applicationContext

5、对applicationContext.xml文件做最简单的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" 

  default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName">
  <bean id="user" class="com.po.User">
    <property name="name" value="张三"/>
  </bean>
</beans> 

beans——xml文件的根节点。

xmlns——是XMLNameSpace的缩写，因为XML文件的标签名称都是自定义的，自己写的和其他人定义的标签很有可能会重复命名，而功能却不一样，所以需要加上一个namespace来区分这个xml文件和其他的xml文件，类似于java中的package。

xmlns:xsi——是指xml文件遵守xml规范，xsi全名：xmlschemainstance，是指具体用到的schema资源文件里定义的元素所准守的规范。即/spring-beans-2.0.xsd这个文件里定义的元素遵守什么标准。

xsi:schemaLocation——是指，本文档里的xml元素所遵守的规范，schemaLocation属性用来引用(schema)模式文档，解析器可以在需要的情况下使用这个文档对XML实例文档进行校验。它的值(URI)是成对出现的，第一个值表示命名空间，第二个值则表示描述该命名空间的模式文档的具体位置，两个值之间以空格分隔。

6、新建一个实体类User.java

package com.po; 

public class User {
  private String name;
  private String age;
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public String getAge() {
    return age;
  }
  public void setAge(String age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
} 

7、测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
  User user =(User)ac.getBean("user");
  System.out.println(user.getName());
} 

输出

这就实现web项目搭建基础spring框架。接下来就做一些真正项目中会用到的一些扩展
可以在web.xml中配置一些spring框架集成的功能或其他设置

<!-- 字符编码过滤器，必须放在过滤器的最上面 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping> 

  <!-- 配置延迟加载时使用OpenSessionInView-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>
    org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
    </filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name>
      <!--指定对Spring配置中哪个sessionFactory使用OpenSessionInView-->
      <param-value>sessionFactory</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter> 

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <!-- spring security过滤器 org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy（委托过滤器代理）-->
    <!-- 使用springSecurity或apache shiro就会用到这个过滤器，-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
<!-- 声明 Spring MVC DispatcherServlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet> 

  <!-- map all requests for /* to the dispatcher servlet -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置出错页面 -->
  <error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>errorpage/404.jsp</location>
  </error-page>
  <!-- 401错误 -->
  <error-page>
    <error-code>401</error-code>
    <location>/errorpage/401.html</location>
  </error-page>
<!-- 为每个jsp页面引入taglib.jspf等文件 -->
  <jsp-config>
    <taglib>
      <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-uri>
      <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <jsp-property-group>
      <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
      <page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding>
      <include-prelude>/tag/taglib.jspf</include-prelude>
      <!--<trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces> -->
    </jsp-property-group>
  </jsp-config> 

其中jspf就是做一些全局的声明

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
<span style="white-space:pre">  </span>pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fnc" uri="/WEB-INF/tlds/fnc.tld" %>
<%@ taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" prefix="mytag"%>
<c:set var="ctx" scope="session"
<span style="white-space:pre">  </span>value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}" /> 

可以在applicationContext.xml中配置更多的功能

<!-- beans可以添加更多声明 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 

  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 

  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 

  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd  

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd 

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" 

  default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName">
<!-- 使用注解定义切面 -->
  <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> 

  <mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- spring 注释代替配置，自动扫描的基础包，将扫描该包以及所有子包下的所有类需要把controller去掉，否则影响事务管理 --> 

  <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
  </context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置系统properties配置文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
    class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
    <property name="fileEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
    <property name="locations">
      <list>
        <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
      </list>
    </property>
  </bean>
<!-- 数据源配置 -->
  <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" 

    destroy-method="close"> 

    <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> 

    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> 

    <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> 

    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> 

    <property name="minPoolSize"> 

      <value>1</value> 

    </property> 

    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" /> 

    <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3" /> 

    <!--最大空闲时间,60秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 --> 

    <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60" /> 

    <!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 --> 

    <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" /> 

    <property name="maxStatements" value="0" /> 

    <!--每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。Default: 0 --> 

    <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60" /> 

    <!--定义在从数据库获取新连接失败后重复尝试的次数。Default: 30 --> 

    <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30" /> 

    <!-- 获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效 保留，并在下次调用getConnection()的时候继续尝试获取连接。如果设为true，那么在尝试  

      获取连接失败后该数据源将申明已断开并永久关闭。Default: false --> 

    <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" /> 

    <!-- 因性能消耗大请只在需要的时候使用它。如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的 时候都将校验其有效性。建议使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable  

      等方法来提升连接测试的性能。Default: false --> 

    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="false" /> 

  </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<!-- 支持 @Transactional 标记 -->
<!-- 方式一：DataSourceTransactionManager -->
  <bean id="transactionManager" 

    class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> 

    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> 

  </bean>
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>  

<!-- 方式二：hibernateTransactionManager -->
  <bean id="hibernateTransactionManager" 

    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 

    <property name="sessionFactory"> 

      <ref local="sessionFactory" /> 

    </property> 

  </bean>
  <!-- 配置hibernate的session工厂 --> 

  <bean id="sessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="lobHandler" ref="lobHandler"/>
    <property name="mappingLocations">
      <list>
        <value>classpath*:/com/schoolnet/**/*.hbm.xml</value>
      </list>
    </property>
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
      <props>
        <!-- 解决在Oracle多个表空间表名相同导致hibernate不会自动生成表 -->
        <prop key="hibernate.default_schema">${jdbc.username}</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
          org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
        </prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
        <!--解决内存泄漏问题 -->
        <prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">false</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.connection.release_mode">
          auto
        </prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.autoReconnect">true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
          org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
        </prop>
        <!--解决内存泄漏问题 -->
        <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop>
        <prop key="use_second_level_cache">false</prop>
         <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
        <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
    <property name="eventListeners">
      <map>
        <entry key="merge">
          <bean
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.IdTransferringMergeEventListener" />
        </entry>
      </map>
    </property>
  </bean>
<!--2.配置Hibernate事务特性 -->
  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="hibernateTransactionManager">
    <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="start*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="stop*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="assign*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="execute*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
      <tx:method name="*N" propagation="NEVER" />
      <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
    </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>
<!-- 配置那些类的方法进行事务管理 -->
  <aop:config>
    <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.eshine..*.service.*.*(..))"
      advice-ref="txAdvice" />
  </aop:config> 

spring-mvc.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> 

  <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet" use-default-filters="false">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
  </context:component-scan>
  <mvc:annotation-driven />
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
  <!-- jsp视图解析器 -->
  <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    <property name="order" value="0" />
    <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
  </bean>
   <!--多文上传，限制1G文件 -->
  <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1073741824" />
  </bean>
</beans> 

总结

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