python与C、C++混编的四种方式(小结)
混编的含义有两种,
一种是在python里面写C
一种是C里面写python
本文主要是进行简化,方便使用。
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第一种、Python调用C动态链接库(利用ctypes)
pycall.c
/***gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c*/ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int foo(int a, int b) { printf("you input %d and %d\n", a, b); return a+b; }
pycall.py
import ctypes ll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary lib = ll("./libpycall.so") lib.foo(1, 3) print '***finish***'
运行方法:
gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c
python pycall.py
第2种、Python调用C++(类)动态链接库(利用ctypes)
pycallclass.cpp
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class TestLib { public: void display(); void display(int a); }; void TestLib::display() { cout<<"First display"<<endl; } void TestLib::display(int a) { cout<<"Second display:"<<a<<endl; } extern "C" { TestLib obj; void display() { obj.display(); } void display_int() { obj.display(2); } }
pycallclass.py
import ctypes so = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary lib = so("./libpycallclass.so") print 'display()' lib.display() print 'display(100)' lib.display_int(100)
运行方法:
g++ -o libpycallclass.so -shared -fPIC pycallclass.cpp
python pycallclass.py
第3种、Python调用C和C++可执行程序
main.cpp
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int test() { int a = 10, b = 5; return a+b; } int main() { cout<<"---begin---"<<endl; int num = test(); cout<<"num="<<num<<endl; cout<<"---end---"<<endl; }
main.py
import commands import os main = "./testmain" if os.path.exists(main): rc, out = commands.getstatusoutput(main) print 'rc = %d, \nout = %s' % (rc, out) print '*'*10 f = os.popen(main) data = f.readlines() f.close() print data print '*'*10 os.system(main)
运行方法(只有这种不是生成.so然后让python文件来调用):
g++ -o testmain main.cpp
python main.py
第4种、扩展Python(C++为Python编写扩展模块)(超级麻烦的一种)
Extest2.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int fac(int n) { if (n < 2) return(1); return (n)*fac(n-1); } char *reverse(char *s) { register char t, *p = s, *q = (s + (strlen(s) - 1)); while (s && (p < q)) { t = *p; *p++ = *q; *q-- = t; } return(s); } int test() { char s[BUFSIZ]; printf("4! == %d\n", fac(4)); printf("8! == %d\n", fac(8)); printf("12! == %d\n", fac(12)); strcpy(s, "abcdef"); printf("reversing 'abcdef', we get '%s'\n", \ reverse(s)); strcpy(s, "madam"); printf("reversing 'madam', we get '%s'\n", \ reverse(s)); return 0; } #include "Python.h" static PyObject * Extest_fac(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { int num; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &num)) return NULL; return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("i", fac(num)); } static PyObject * Extest_doppel(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *orig_str; char *dupe_str; PyObject* retval; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &orig_str)) return NULL; retval = (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("ss", orig_str, dupe_str=reverse(strdup(orig_str))); free(dupe_str); return retval; } static PyObject * Extest_test(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { test(); return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue(""); } static PyMethodDef ExtestMethods[] = { { "fac", Extest_fac, METH_VARARGS }, { "doppel", Extest_doppel, METH_VARARGS }, { "test", Extest_test, METH_VARARGS }, { NULL, NULL }, }; void initExtest() { Py_InitModule("Extest", ExtestMethods); }
setup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python from distutils.core import setup, Extension MOD = 'Extest' setup(name=MOD, ext_modules=[Extension(MOD, sources=['Extest2.c'])])
运行方法:
python setup.py build
cd build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
进入python交互模式>>>
import Extest Extest.test()
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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