Python使用Selenium模块实现模拟浏览器抓取淘宝商品美食信息功能示例
本文实例讲述了Python使用Selenium模块实现模拟浏览器抓取淘宝商品美食信息功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
import re from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException from pyquery import PyQuery as pq from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from pymongo import MongoClient from pymongo.errors import PyMongoError url = 'http://www.taobao.com' KEYWORD = '美食' # monogdb配置信息 MONGO_HOST = "localhost" MONGO_DATABASE = "taobao" MONGO_TABLE = "meishi" client = MongoClient(host=MONGO_HOST) db = client[MONGO_DATABASE] # PhantomJS 命令行相关配置 # 参见 http://phantomjs.org/api/command-line.html SERVICE_ARGS = ['--disk-cache=true', '--load-images=false'] # driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 有界面 driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=SERVICE_ARGS) # 无界面 delay = 10 wait = WebDriverWait(driver, delay) # print('windows size', driver.get_window_size()) # PhantomJs()的浏览器窗口很小,宽高只有400 * 300 driver.maximize_window() # 窗口最大化 # 对于PhantomJS来说设置窗口大小很关键,如果不设置,经常会出现问题 # driver.set_window_size(1920, 1080) # 设置浏览器窗口大小 # 模拟在淘宝网页中输入关键字搜索 def search(): print("准备搜索 %s" % KEYWORD) try: driver.get(url) input_box = wait.until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input#q")) ) search_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button'))) input_box.send_keys(KEYWORD) search_btn.click() total_page_str = wait.until( EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.total'))).text total_page_num = int(re.search("(\d+)", total_page_str).group(1)) item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup() save_to_mongodb(item_list) return total_page_num except TimeoutError: print("搜索%s超时", KEYWORD) print("重新尝试搜索: %s", KEYWORD) search() # 根据页码获取指定页数据,并将其保存到数据库中 def get_page(page_num): print("正在获取第%d页数据" % page_num) try: page_num_box = wait.until( EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.form > input"))) ok_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.form > span.btn.J_Submit'))) page_num_box.clear() page_num_box.send_keys(page_num) ok_btn.click() wait.until( EC.text_to_be_present_in_element( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'li.item.active > span.num'), str(page_num))) item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup() save_to_mongodb(item_list) except TimeoutException: print("请求第%d页失败" % page_num) print("尝试重新获取第%d页" % page_num) return get_page(page_num) def get_goods_by_pyquery(): ''' 通过pyquery库解析数据 获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置 ''' wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item"))) html = driver.page_source doc = pq(html) items = list(doc('#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item').items()) for item in items: yield { # 不要用src属性,获取的图片地址很多是.gif图片,而非真实商品图片, 'image': 'http://' + item.find('.J_ItemPic.img').attr('data-src'), 'price': item.find('.price').text(), 'title': item.find('.row > .J_ClickStat').text().strip(), 'deal_cnt': item.find('.deal-cnt').text()[:-3], 'shop': item.find('.shop').text(), 'location': item.find('.location').text(), } # 通过bs4解析数据 def get_goods_by_beautifulsoup(): ''' 通过bs4库解析数据 获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置 ''' wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item"))) html = driver.page_source soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') items = soup.select('#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item') for item in items: yield { 'image': 'http:' + item.select('img.J_ItemPic.img')[0]['data-src'], 'price': item.select('div.price.g_price.g_price-highlight')[0].get_text(strip=True), 'title': item.select('div.row.row-2.title > a.J_ClickStat')[0].get_text(strip=True), 'deal_cnt': item.select('div.deal-cnt')[0].text[:-3], 'shop': item.select('div.shop > a')[0].get_text(strip=True), 'location': item.select('div.location')[0].text, } def save_to_mongodb(item_list): for item in item_list: try: db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(item) # insert支持插入多条数据 print("mongodb插入数据成功:", item) except PyMongoError as e: print("mongodb插入数据失败:", item, e) # 获取淘宝美食的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置并将结果保存在mongodb数据库中 if __name__ == '__main__': try: total_pages = search() for page_num in range(2, total_pages + 1): get_page(page_num) except Exception as e: print("出错了", e) finally: # 确保 浏览器能正常关闭 driver.close()
备注:
PhantomJS无界面浏览器打开的窗口默认大小400*300, 往往不能将网页加载完全,会给提取数据造成很大的困难,因此需要指定窗口大小。
可以使用 maximize_window()
最大化窗口或者set_window_size()
设置指定大小
可能会出现的异常:
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message:
Screenshot: available via screen
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