kaptcha验证码组件使用简介解析
Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目。
官网地址:http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/
kaptcha的使用比较方便,只需添加jar包依赖之后简单地配置就可以使用了。kaptcha所有配置都可以通过web.xml来完成,如果你的项目中使用了Spring MVC,那么则有另外的一种方式来实现。
一、简单的jsp-servlet项目
1.添加jar包依赖
如果你使用maven来统一管理jar包,则在工程的pom.xml中添加dependency
<!-- kaptcha --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.kaptcha</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency>
如果是非maven管理的项目,则直接在官网下载kaptcha的jar包,然后添加到项目lib库中,下载地址:
http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/downloads/list
2.配置web.xml
上面说了,kaptcha都是在web.xml中配置,我们必须在web.xml中配置kaptcha的servlet,具体如下:
<servlet> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/kaptcha.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
其中servlet的url-pattern可以自定义。
kaptcha所有的参数都有默认的配置,如果我们不显示配置的话,会采取默认的配置。
如果要显示配置kaptcha,在配置kaptcha对应的Servlet时,在init-param增加响应的参数配置即可。示例如下:
<servlet> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name> <param-value>200</param-value> <description>Width in pixels of the kaptcha image.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name> <param-value>50</param-value> <description>Height in pixels of the kaptcha image.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name> <param-value>4</param-value> <description>The number of characters to display.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.noise.impl</param-name> <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</param-value> <description>The noise producer.</description> </init-param> </servlet>
具体的配置参数参见:http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/wiki/ConfigParameters
3.页面调用
<form action="submit.action"> <input type="text" name="kaptcha" value="" /><img src="kaptcha.jpg" /> </form>
4.在submit的action方法中进行验证码校验
//从session中取出servlet生成的验证码text值 String kaptchaExpected = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); //获取用户页面输入的验证码 String kaptchaReceived = request.getParameter("kaptcha"); //校验验证码是否正确 if (kaptchaReceived == null || !kaptchaReceived.equalsIgnoreCase(kaptchaExpected)){ setError("kaptcha", "Invalid validation code."); }
注:确保JDK设置了 -Djava.awt.headless=true
5.实现页面验证码刷新
<img src="kaptcha.jpg" width="200" id="kaptchaImage" title="看不清,点击换一张" /> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#kaptchaImage').click(function() {$(this).attr('src','kaptcha.jpg?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100));}); }); </script> <br /><small>看不清,点击换一张</small>
注:为了避免浏览器的缓存,可以在验证码请求url后添加随机数
二、Spring mvc项目中使用kaptcha
1.添加captchaProducer bean定义
<!-- 配置kaptcha验证码 --> <bean id="captchaProducer" class="com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha"> <property name="config"> <bean class="com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config"> <constructor-arg type="java.util.Properties"> <props> <prop key="kaptcha.image.width">100</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.image.height">50</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.noise.impl">com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.string">0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.length">4</prop> </props> </constructor-arg> </bean> </property> </bean>
2.生成验证码的Controller
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants; import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer; /** * ClassName: CaptchaImageCreateController <br/> * Function: 生成验证码Controller. <br/> * date: 2013-12-10 上午11:37:42 <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com */ @Controller public class CaptchaImageCreateController { private Producer captchaProducer = null; @Autowired public void setCaptchaProducer(Producer captchaProducer){ this.captchaProducer = captchaProducer; } @RequestMapping("/kaptcha.jpg") public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{ // Set to expire far in the past. response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); // Set standard HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate"); // Set IE extended HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers (use addHeader). response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "post-check=0, pre-check=0"); // Set standard HTTP/1.0 no-cache header. response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); // return a jpeg response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); // create the text for the image String capText = captchaProducer.createText(); // store the text in the session request.getSession().setAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY, capText); // create the image with the text BufferedImage bi = captchaProducer.createImage(capText); ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // write the data out ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", out); try { out.flush(); } finally { out.close(); } return null; } }
3.校验用户输入的Controller
/** * ClassName: LoginController <br/> * Function: 登录Controller. <br/> * date: 2013-12-10 上午11:41:43 <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/login") public class LoginController { /** * loginCheck:ajax异步校验登录请求. <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com * @param request * @param username 用户名 * @param password 密码 * @param kaptchaReceived 验证码 * @return 校验结果 * @since 2013-12-10 */ @RequestMapping(value = "check", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public String loginCheck(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam(value = "username", required = true) String username, @RequestParam(value = "password", required = true) String password, @RequestParam(value = "kaptcha", required = true) String kaptchaReceived){ //用户输入的验证码的值 String kaptchaExpected = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute( com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); //校验验证码是否正确 if (kaptchaReceived == null || !kaptchaReceived.equals(kaptchaExpected)) { return "kaptcha_error";//返回验证码错误 } //校验用户名密码 // …… // …… return "success"; //校验通过返回成功 } }
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