C语言链表实现贪吃蛇游戏

阅读学习了源代码，并做了简单的注释和修改，里面只用了链表数据结构，非常适合C语言入门者学习阅读。

程序可在VS2013下编译运行。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define U 1
#define D 2
#define L 3
#define R 4    //蛇的状态，U：上 ；D：下；L:左 R：右

typedef struct SNAKE //蛇身的一个节点
{
  int x;
  int y;
  struct SNAKE *next;
}snake;

//全局变量//
int score = 0, add = 10;//总得分与每次吃食物得分。
int status, sleeptime = 200;//每次运行的时间间隔
snake *head, *food;//蛇头指针，食物指针
snake *q;//遍历蛇的时候用到的指针
int endGamestatus = 0; //游戏结束的情况，1：撞到墙；2：咬到自己；3：主动退出游戏。

//声明全部函数//
void Pos();
void creatMap();
void initSnake();
int biteSelf();
void createFood();
void cantCrossWall();
void snakeMove();
void pause();
void runGame();
void initGame();
void endGame();
void gameStart();

void Pos(int x, int y)//设置光标位置
{
  COORD pos;
  HANDLE hOutput;
  pos.X = x;
  pos.Y = y;
  hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//返回标准的输入、输出或错误的设备的句柄，也就是获得输入、输出/错误的屏幕缓冲区的句柄
  SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, pos);
}

void creatMap()//创建地图
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i<58; i += 2)//打印上下边框
  {
    Pos(i, 0);
    printf("■");//一个方块占两个位置
    Pos(i, 26);
    printf("■");
  }
  for (i = 1; i<26; i++)//打印左右边框
  {
    Pos(0, i);
    printf("■");
    Pos(56, i);
    printf("■");
  }
}

void initSnake()//初始化蛇身
{
  snake *tail;
  int i;
  tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));//从蛇尾开始，头插法，以x,y设定开始的位置//
  tail->x = 24;
  tail->y = 5;
  tail->next = NULL;
  for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++)//初始长度为4
  {
    head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
    head->next = tail;
    head->x = 24 + 2 * i;
    head->y = 5;
    tail = head;
  }
  while (tail != NULL)//从头到为，输出蛇身
  {
    Pos(tail->x, tail->y);
    printf("■");
    tail = tail->next;
  }
}
//??
int biteSelf()//判断是否咬到了自己
{
  snake *self;
  self = head->next;
  while (self != NULL)
  {
    if (self->x == head->x && self->y == head->y)
    {
      return 1;
    }
    self = self->next;
  }
  return 0;
}

void createFood()//随机出现食物
{
  snake *food_1;
  srand((unsigned)time(NULL));//为了防止每次产生的随机数相同，种子设置为time
  food_1 = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
  while ((food_1->x % 2) != 0)  //保证其为偶数，使得食物能与蛇头对其
  {
    food_1->x = rand() % 52 + 2;
  }
  food_1->y = rand() % 24 + 1;
  q = head;
  while (q->next == NULL)
  {
    if (q->x == food_1->x && q->y == food_1->y) //判断蛇身是否与食物重合
    {
      free(food_1);
      createFood();
    }
    q = q->next;
  }
  Pos(food_1->x, food_1->y);
  food = food_1;
  printf("■");
}

void cantCrossWall()//不能穿墙
{
  if (head->x == 0 || head->x == 56 || head->y == 0 || head->y == 26)
  {
    endGamestatus = 1;
    endGame();
  }
}

void snakeMove()//蛇前进,上U,下D,左L,右R
{
  snake * nexthead;
  cantCrossWall();

  nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
  if (status == U)
  {
    nexthead->x = head->x;
    nexthead->y = head->y - 1;
    if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//如果下一个有食物//
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      score = score + add;
      createFood();
    }
    else                        //如果没有食物//
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q->next->next != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
      printf(" ");
      free(q->next);
      q->next = NULL;
    }
  }
  if (status == D)
  {
    nexthead->x = head->x;
    nexthead->y = head->y + 1;
    if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      score = score + add;
      createFood();
    }
    else                //没有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q->next->next != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
      printf(" ");
      free(q->next);
      q->next = NULL;
    }
  }
  if (status == L)
  {
    nexthead->x = head->x - 2;
    nexthead->y = head->y;
    if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      score = score + add;
      createFood();
    }
    else                //没有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q->next->next != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
      printf(" ");
      free(q->next);
      q->next = NULL;
    }
  }
  if (status == R)
  {
    nexthead->x = head->x + 2;
    nexthead->y = head->y;
    if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      score = score + add;
      createFood();
    }
    else                     //没有食物
    {
      nexthead->next = head;
      head = nexthead;
      q = head;
      while (q->next->next != NULL)
      {
        Pos(q->x, q->y);
        printf("■");
        q = q->next;
      }
      Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
      printf(" ");
      free(q->next);
      q->next = NULL;
    }
  }
  if (biteSelf() == 1)    //判断是否会咬到自己
  {
    endGamestatus = 2;
    endGame();
  }
}

void pause()//暂停
{
  while (1)
  {
    Sleep(300);
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
    {
      break;
    }

  }
}

void runGame()//控制游戏
{

  Pos(64, 15);
  printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到自己\n");
  Pos(64, 16);
  printf("用↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动.");
  Pos(64, 17);
  printf("F1 为加速，F2 为减速\n");
  Pos(64, 18);
  printf("ESC ：退出游戏.space：暂停游戏.");
  Pos(64, 20);
  printf("C语言研究中心 www.clang.cc");
  status = R;
  while (1)
  {
    Pos(64, 10);
    printf("得分：%d ", score);
    Pos(64, 11);
    printf("每个食物得分：%d分", add);
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && status != D)
    {
      status = U;
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && status != U)
    {
      status = D;
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && status != R)
    {
      status = L;
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && status != L)
    {
      status = R;
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
    {
      pause();
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
    {
      endGamestatus = 3;
      break;
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1))
    {
      if (sleeptime >= 50)
      {
        sleeptime = sleeptime - 30;
        add = add + 2;
        if (sleeptime == 320)
        {
          add = 2;//防止减到1之后再加回来有错
        }
      }
    }
    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2))
    {
      if (sleeptime<350)
      {
        sleeptime = sleeptime + 30;
        add = add - 2;
        if (sleeptime == 350)
        {
          add = 1; //保证最低分为1
        }
      }
    }
    Sleep(sleeptime);
    snakeMove();
  }
}

void initGame()//开始界面
{
  Pos(40, 12);

  system("title C语言研究中心  www.clang.cc");
  printf("欢迎来到贪食蛇游戏！");
  Pos(40, 25);
  printf("       C语言研究中心 www.clang.cc.\n");
  system("pause");
  system("cls");
  Pos(25, 12);
  printf("用↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动， F1 为加速，2 为减速\n");
  Pos(25, 13);
  printf("加速将能得到更高的分数。\n");
  system("pause");
  system("cls");
}

void endGame()//结束游戏
{

  system("cls");
  Pos(24, 12);
  if (endGamestatus == 1)
  {
    printf("对不起，您撞到墙了。游戏结束.");
  }
  else if (endGamestatus == 2)
  {
    printf("对不起，您咬到自己了。游戏结束.");
  }
  else if (endGamestatus == 3)
  {
    printf("您的已经结束了游戏。");
  }
  Pos(24, 13);
  printf("您的得分是%d\n", score);
  while (getchar() != 'y')
  {
    printf("close?[y]");
  }
  exit(0);
}

void gameStart()//游戏初始化
{
  system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
  initGame();
  creatMap();
  initSnake();
  createFood();
}

int main()
{
  gameStart();
  runGame();
  endGame();
  return 0;
}

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