C#使用DevExpress中的XtraCharts控件实现图表

目录

• 一、总体概述
• 二、chartControl层\XYDiagram层
• 1.当坐标轴的数据类型是数字时
• 2. 当前数据类型是字符串时
• 3.当前数据类型是时间
• 三、实例
• 1.饼状图
• 1.1、添加ChartControl控件
• 1.2、准备数据
• 1.3、根据数据创建饼状图
• 1.4、设置饼状Series显示方式（值/百分比）
• 2.柱状图
• 2.1、添加ChartControl控件
• 2.2、准备数据
• 2.3、根据数据创建柱状图
• 2.4、用到的方法
• 四、事件
• 1、CustomDrawAxisLabel ： 接管此事件来获得轴标签。定制轴标签
• 2、ObjectHotTracked：鼠标指针悬停位置
• 3、CustomDrawSeries ：自定义绘制系列
• 4、CustomDrawSeriesPoint：自定义绘制系列点
• 五、导出
• 1、导出为PDF：
• 2、导出为图像文件：
• 六、参考

一、总体概述

官方文档：

https://docs.devexpress.com/WindowsForms/8117/controls-and-libraries/chart-control

ChartControl控件主要包括Chart Title、Legend、Annotations、Diagram、Series五部分；如图：

二、chartControl层\XYDiagram层

chartControl像DEV的其它控件一样，这一层之相当于是一个壳子，我们平时在这里面设置的属性也不多。而且都是些常规属性，比如大小、停靠方式等等。

XYDiagram这一层就比较关键了，主要是涉及到XY轴的显示方式和滚动条显示等。并且坐标轴的显示方式和数据类型也有很大的关系，主要包括3种类型，数据类型是根据添加到Series中的数据类型决定的，主要属性是ArgumentScaleType。所以涉及到3种不同的设置方式。

1.当坐标轴的数据类型是数字时

2. 当前数据类型是字符串时

其它设置同上，主要是要想出现滚动条，在设计面板中还不能实现，必须通过代码设置

DevExpress.XtraCharts.XYDiagram xyDiagram1 = (XYDiagram)this.chartControl1.Diagram;
xyDiagram1.AxisX.Range.MaxValueInternal = 3; //这个属性在设计视图里面是看不到的，只有代码里面才可以设置。
xyDiagram1.AxisX.Range.MinValueInternal = -0.5D;

3.当前数据类型是时间

AxisX ax = (XYDiagram)chartControl1.Diagram;
ax.GridSpacingAuto = false;
ax.DateTimeMeasureUnit = DateTimeMeasurementUnit.Minute;//这个可以根据你自己的情况设置
ax.DateTimeGridAlignment = DateTimeMeasurementUnit.Second; //这个是间隔单位
ax.GridSpacing = 10; // 每10秒为一个间隔。

三、实例

1.饼状图

1.1、添加ChartControl控件

在工具箱中找到ChartControl控件，拖到窗口中，创建Pie；

1.2、准备数据

private DataTable CreateChartData()
 {
     DataTable dtData = SqlHelper.GetDataSet(sql, parameters).Tables[0];
     DataTable table = new DataTable("Table1");
     table.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(String));
     table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(Double));
     foreach (DataRow item in dtData.Rows)
     {
         var array = new object[] { item["value_num"], item["count"] };
         table.Rows.Add(array);
     }
     return table;
 }

数据可以自定义，返回类型为DataTable即可。

1.3、根据数据创建饼状图

/// <summary>
/// 根据数据创建一个饼状图
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private void BuilderDevChart()
{
    //清空ChartControl控件
    chartControl1.Series.Clear();
    Series _pieSeries = new Series("学生成绩饼状图", ViewType.Pie);
    _pieSeries.ArgumentDataMember = "Name";  //绑定图表的横坐标
    _pieSeries.ValueDataMembers[0] = "Value";  //绑定图表的纵坐标坐标
    _pieSeries.DataSource = CreateChartData(CourseID);
    chartControl1.Series.Add(_pieSeries);
    chartControl1.AddTitle("学生成绩饼状图");
    _pieSeries.LegendPointOptions.PointView = PointView.ArgumentAndValues;
    ChartUtils.SetPieNumber(_pieSeries);
}

1.4、设置饼状Series显示方式（值/百分比）

/// <summary>
/// 饼状Series设置成百分比显示
/// </summary>
/// <param name="series">Series</param>
public static void SetPiePercentage(this Series series)
{
    if (series.View is PieSeriesView)
    {
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).PercentOptions.ValueAsPercent = true;
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Format = NumericFormat.Percent;
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Precision = 0;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// 饼状Series设置显示格式，是以数字还是百分号显示
/// </summary>
/// <param name="series">Series</param>
public static void SetPieNumber(Series series)
{
    if (series.View is PieSeriesView)
    {
        //设置为值
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).PercentOptions.ValueAsPercent = false;
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Format = NumericFormat.Number;
        ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Precision = 0;
    }
}

实现结果：

2.柱状图

2.1、添加ChartControl控件

在工具箱中找到ChartControl控件，拖到窗口中，创建Bar：

2.2、准备数据

/// <summary>
/// 创建数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private DataTable CreateBarData()
{
    string sql = string.Format(@"
                             SELECT c.CollegeName,COUNT(*)
                                     FROM studentmanager.student
                                     LEFT JOIN college AS c ON c.CollegeID=student.CollegeID
                                     GROUP BY c.CollegeID");
    DataSet ds = _db.GetResult(sql);
    if (ds != null)
    {
        DataTable dtData = ds.Tables[0];
        DataTable table = new DataTable("Table1");
        table.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
        table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(int));
        foreach (DataRow item in dtData.Rows)
        {
            var array = new object[] { item["CollegeName"], item["COUNT(*)"] };
            table.Rows.Add(array);
        }
        return table;
    }
    else
    {
        return null;
    }
}

数据可以自定义，返回类型为DataTable即可。

2.3、根据数据创建柱状图

private void BuilderDevBarChart()
{
    chartControl2.Series.Clear();
    Series _barSeries = new Series("", ViewType.Bar);
    _barSeries.ArgumentDataMember = "Name";//x轴
    _barSeries.ValueDataMembers[0] = "Value";//Y轴
    _barSeries.DataSource = CreateBarData();
    _barSeries.SetColorEach(true);
    chartControl2.Series.Add(_barSeries);

    _barSeries.LegendPointOptions.PointView = PointView.ArgumentAndValues;

    chartControl2.SetXLableAngle(-35);
    chartControl2.SetCrosshair(true);

    chartControl2.Legend.Direction = LegendDirection.LeftToRight;
    chartControl2.Legend.AlignmentHorizontal = LegendAlignmentHorizontal.Center;
    chartControl2.Legend.AlignmentVertical = LegendAlignmentVertical.BottomOutside;
    chartControl2.AddTitle("学院学生数量柱状图");
}

2.4、用到的方法

public static class ChartUtils
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 增加数据筛选
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="SeriesBase">Series</param>
    /// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
    /// <param name="value">列名称对应的筛选数值</param>
    /// <param name="dataFilterCondition">DataFilterCondition枚举</param>
    public static void AddDataFilter(this SeriesBase series, string columnName, object value, DataFilterCondition dataFilterCondition)
    {
        series.DataFilters.Add(new DataFilter(columnName, value.GetType().FullName, dataFilterCondition, value));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置X轴Lable角度
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chart">ChartControl</param>
    /// <param name="angle">角度</param>
    public static void SetXLableAngle(this ChartControl chart, int angle)
    {
        XYDiagram _xyDiagram = (XYDiagram)chart.Diagram;
        if (_xyDiagram != null)
            _xyDiagram.AxisX.Label.Angle = angle;
    }
    /// <summary>
    ///  设置Y轴Lable角度
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chart">ChartControl</param>
    /// <param name="angle">角度</param>
    public static void SetYLableAngle(this ChartControl chart, int angle)
    {
        XYDiagram _xyDiagram = (XYDiagram)chart.Diagram;
        _xyDiagram.AxisY.Label.Angle = angle;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置ColorEach
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chart">ChartControl</param>
    /// <param name="colorEach">是否设置成ColorEach</param>
    public static void SetColorEach(this Series series, bool colorEach)
    {
        SeriesViewColorEachSupportBase colorEachView = (SeriesViewColorEachSupportBase)series.View;
        if (colorEachView != null)
        {
            colorEachView.ColorEach = colorEach;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置是否显示十字标线
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chart">ChartControl</param>
    /// <param name="crosshair">是否显示十字标线</param>
    public static void SetCrosshair(this ChartControl chart, bool crosshair)
    {
        chart.CrosshairEnabled = crosshair ? DefaultBoolean.True : DefaultBoolean.False;
        chart.CrosshairOptions.ShowArgumentLabels = crosshair;
        chart.CrosshairOptions.ShowArgumentLine = crosshair;
        chart.CrosshairOptions.ShowValueLabels = crosshair;
        chart.CrosshairOptions.ShowValueLine = crosshair;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 新增ChartControl的Title文字
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chart">ChartControl</param>
    /// <param name="title">Title文字</param>
    public static void AddTitle(this ChartControl chart, string title)
    {
        chart.Titles.Clear();  //先清除以前的标题
        ChartTitle _title = new ChartTitle();
        _title.Text = title;
        chart.Titles.Add(_title);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 饼状Series设置成百分比显示
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="series">Series</param>
    public static void SetPiePercentage(this Series series)
    {
        if (series.View is PieSeriesView)
        {
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).PercentOptions.ValueAsPercent = true;
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Format = NumericFormat.Percent;
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Precision = 0;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 饼状Series设置显示格式，是以数字还是百分号显示
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="series">Series</param>
    public static void SetPieNumber(Series series)
    {
        if (series.View is PieSeriesView)
        {
            //设置为值
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).PercentOptions.ValueAsPercent = false;
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Format = NumericFormat.Number;
            ((PiePointOptions)series.PointOptions).ValueNumericOptions.Precision = 0;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// ChartControl设置标题
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="chartControl"></param>
    /// <param name="HTitle"></param>
    public static void SetHZTitle(ref ChartControl chartControl, string HTitle)
    {
        chartControl.Titles.Clear();                    //先清除以前的标题

        //横标题设置
        ChartTitle titles = new ChartTitle();            //声明标题

        titles.Text = HTitle;                            //名称
        titles.TextColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;   //颜色
        titles.Indent = 5;                                //设置距离  值越小柱状图就越大
        titles.Font = new Font("Tahoma", 14, FontStyle.Bold);            //设置字体
        titles.Dock = ChartTitleDockStyle.Top;           //设置对齐方式
        titles.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;       //居中对齐
        chartControl.Titles.Add(titles);                 //添加标题
    }
}

实现结果：

四、事件

1、CustomDrawAxisLabel ： 接管此事件来获得轴标签。定制轴标签

private void chartControl1_CustomDrawAxisLabel(object sender, CustomDrawAxisLabelEventArgs e)
{
    AxisBase axis = e.Item.Axis;
    if (axis is AxisY || axis is AxisY3D || axis is RadarAxisY)
    {
        double axisValue = (double)e.Item.AxisValue;
        if (axisValue < 0)
        {
            e.Item.TextColor = Color.Red;
        }
        else if (axisValue > 0)
        {
            e.Item.Text = "+" + e.Item.Text;
            e.Item.TextColor = Color.Green;
        }
        else if (axisValue == 0)
        {
            e.Item.Text = "Zero";
        }
    }
}

2、ObjectHotTracked：鼠标指针悬停位置

private void chartControl1_ObjectHotTracked(object sender, HotTrackEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.AdditionalObject is AxisTitle)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(e.AdditionalObject.GetType().ToString());
    }
}

3、CustomDrawSeries ：自定义绘制系列

private void chartControl1_CustomDrawSeries(object sender, CustomDrawSeriesEventArgs e)
{
    // Find all Bar Series by their view type,and fill them with Aqua color.
    if (e.Series.View is BarSeriesView)
        e.SeriesDrawOptions.Color = Color.Aqua;

    // Find the series by its name,  and change its line style to dash-dot-dot. (Here it's assumed that the series view type is LineSeriesView).
    if (e.Series.Name == "Line Series")
        ((LineDrawOptions)e.SeriesDrawOptions).LineStyle.DashStyle = DevExpress.XtraCharts.DashStyle.DashDotDot;

    // Find all Point Series by the type of its DrawOptions, and change their marker kind to diamond.
    if (e.SeriesDrawOptions.GetType() == typeof(PointDrawOptions))
        ((PointDrawOptions)e.SeriesDrawOptions).Marker.Kind =
        MarkerKind.Diamond;
}

4、CustomDrawSeriesPoint：自定义绘制系列点

private void chartControl1_CustomDrawSeriesPoint(object sender, CustomDrawSeriesPointEventArgs e)
{
    // These changes will be applied to Bar Series only.
    BarDrawOptions drawOptions = e.SeriesDrawOptions as BarDrawOptions;
    if (drawOptions == null)
        return;

    // Get the fill options for the series point.
    drawOptions.FillStyle.FillMode = DevExpress.XtraCharts.FillMode.Gradient;
    RectangleGradientFillOptions options = drawOptions.FillStyle.Options as RectangleGradientFillOptions;
    if (options == null)
        return;

    // Get the value at the current series point.
    double val = e.SeriesPoint[0];
    // If the value is less than 1, hide the point's label.
    if (e.SeriesPoint[0] < 1)
    {
        e.LabelText = "";
    }
    // If the value is less than 2.5, then fill the bar with green colors.
    if (val < 2.5)
    {
        options.Color2 = Color.FromArgb(154, 196, 84);
        drawOptions.Color = Color.FromArgb(81, 137, 3);
        drawOptions.Border.Color = Color.FromArgb(100, 39, 91, 1);
    }
    // ... if the value is less than 5.5, then fill the bar with yellow colors.
    else if (val < 5.5)
    {
        options.Color2 = Color.FromArgb(254, 233, 124);
        drawOptions.Color = Color.FromArgb(249, 170, 15);
        drawOptions.Border.Color = Color.FromArgb(60, 165, 73, 5);
    }
    // ... if the value is greater, then fill the bar with red colors.
    else
    {
        options.Color2 = Color.FromArgb(242, 143, 112);
        drawOptions.Color = Color.FromArgb(199, 57, 12);
        drawOptions.Border.Color = Color.FromArgb(100, 155, 26, 0);
    }
}

五、导出

1、导出为PDF：

图表会被自动拆分，

if (chartControlidx.IsPrintingAvailable) //是否能被打印或输出
   {
     // Exports to a PDF file.
     chartControlidx.ExportToPdf(path);
     // Exports to a stream as PDF.
     System.IO.FileStream pdfStream = new System.IO.FileStream(path, System.IO.FileMode.Create);
     chartControlidx.ExportToPdf(pdfStream);
      //...
      pdfStream.Close();
    }

2、导出为图像文件：

if (chartControlidx.IsPrintingAvailable) //是否能被打印或输出
  {
    // Create an image in the specified format from the chart and save it to the specified path.
    chartControlidx.ExportToImage(path, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);   //png格式
  }

六、参考

WinForm使用DecExpress控件中的ChartControl插件绘制图表

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