python自动查询12306余票并发送邮箱提醒脚本

由于车票难抢，有时需要的车票已经售空，而我们需要捡漏，便可使用这个脚本。

具体实现了，自动查询某一车票的余票数量，当数量产生变化时，将自动发送QQ邮件到对于的邮箱进行提醒。

其中，发送邮箱的部分详情可参考我上一篇博文：Python 发送邮件 (smtp) QQ邮箱

脚本使用了python + selenium + chrome webdriver，需要先配置好三者的环境。

具体使用时候，需自行改变代码中的

邮箱信息、出发站、到达站、车次、日期、以及到相应查询页面中找到对应车票的html id：

在相应查询页面中按F12，弹出开发者模式，点击按钮，再点击对应车票的框，，，复制相应的id号到代码中对应处。

代码如下：

#coding:utf8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 

import time
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 

from_station = 'SH'
to_station = 'NJ'
train_num = 'G14'
train_date = '2018-02-14' 

ZYid = 'ZY_5l00000G1441' #通过浏览器找到要查询车票的三个id
ZEid = 'ZE_5l00000G1441'
WZid = 'WZ_5l00000G1441' 

def send_email(train_date, train_num, one_num, two_num, wz_num): #函数中邮箱信息改为自己的
 email_from = "123456@qq.com"
 email_to = "654321@qq.com"
 hostname = "smtp.qq.com"
 login = "123456@qq.com"
 password = "xddflwjfkkfkbidf"
 subject = "train_tickets"
 text = ("日期:%s 车次:%s 一等座:%s 二等座:%s 无座:%s "%(train_date, train_num, one_num, two_num, wz_num)) 

 smtp = SMTP_SSL(hostname)
 smtp.login(login, password) 

 msg = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8")
 msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
 msg["from"] = email_from
 msg["to"] = email_to 

 smtp.sendmail(email_from, email_to, msg.as_string())
 smtp.quit() 

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/init') 

elem = driver.find_element_by_id("fromStationText")
elem.clear()
elem.send_keys(from_station)
elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #写入始发站 

elem = driver.find_element_by_id("toStationText")
elem.clear()
elem.send_keys(to_station)
elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #写入终点站 

js = "document.getElementById('train_date').removeAttribute('readonly')" #去除日期栏只读属性
driver.execute_script(js) 

elem=driver.find_element_by_id("train_date")
elem.clear()
elem.send_keys(train_date) #写入乘车日期
elem.click() 

elem=driver.find_element_by_id("dc") #选择单程
elem.click() 

elem=driver.find_element_by_id("a_search_ticket") #开始查询
try:
 elem.click()
except Exception:
 time.sleep(2) 

query_times = 0
onetickets_last = 0
twotickets_last = 0
wztickets_last = 0 

time.sleep(2)
while(1):
 query_times = query_times+1
 text=""
 try:
  driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click() #根据查询键是否可以找到，以判断页面显示正确与否
 except Exception:
  driver.refresh()
  time.sleep(5);
  print("bug");
  continue 

 print("第%d次查询:"%(query_times))
 time.sleep(5) 

 try:
  text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text
 except Exception:
  driver.refresh()
  time.sleep(5);
  print("bug")
  continue
 if not(driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text):
  driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click() 

 text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text #查询一等座余票
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"):
  onetickets_now = text
  print("%s 一等座 ： %s"%(train_num, onetickets_now))
  if(onetickets_now != onetickets_last):
   onetickets_last = onetickets_now
   #send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last)
 else:
  onetickets_now = text
  print("%s 一等座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num, onetickets_now))
  if(onetickets_now != onetickets_last):
   onetickets_last = onetickets_now
   #send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 

 text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZEid).text #查询二等座余票
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"):
  twotickets_now = text
  print("%s 二等座 ： %s"%(train_num, twotickets_now))
  if(twotickets_now != twotickets_last):
   twotickets_last = twotickets_now
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last)
 else:
  twotickets_now = text
  print("%s 二等座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num,twotickets_now))
  if(twotickets_now != twoticketstwotickets_old):
   twotickets_last = twotickets_now
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 

 text = driver.find_element_by_id(WZid).text #查询无座余票
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"):
  wztickets_now = text
  print("%s 无座 ： %s"%(train_num, wztickets_now))
  if(wztickets_now != wztickets_last):
   wztickets_last = wztickets_now
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last)
 else:
  wztickets_now = text
  print("%s 无座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num, wztickets_now))
  if(wztickets_now != wztickets_last):
   wztickets_last = wztickets_now
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last)
 print("")

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