Android自定义View实现时钟功能

最近在练习自定义view, 想起之前面试的时候笔试有道题是写出自定义一个时钟的关键代码. 今天就来实现一下. 步骤依然是先分析, 再上代码.

实现效果

View分析

时钟主要分为五个部分:

1、中心点: 圆心位置
2、圆盘: 以中心点为圆心,drawCircle画个圆
3、刻度:

paint有个aip, setPathEffect可以根据path画特效, 那么刻度就可以根据圆的path画一个矩形path的特效, 并且这个api只会画特效, 不会画出圆.

/**
* shape: 特效的path, 这里传一个矩形
* advance: 两个特效path之间的间距, 即两个矩形的left间距
* phase: 特效起始位置的偏移
* style: 原始path拐弯的时候特效path的转换方式,这里用ROTATE跟着旋转即可
*/
PathDashPathEffect(Path shape, float advance, float phase,
                              Style style)

刻度又分两种, 粗一点刻度: 3、6、9、12, 和细一点的刻度. 两种特效又可以用SumPathEffect合起来画

SumPathEffect(PathEffect first, PathEffect second) 

4、时分秒指针

时分秒指针都是一个圆角矩形, 先把他们的位置计算出来, 然后旋转圆心去绘制不同角度的指针.

5、动画效果

TimerTask每隔一秒计算时间, 根据时间去换算当前时分秒指针的角度, 动态变量只有三个角度.

实现源码

//
// Created by skylar on 2022/4/19.
//
class ClockView : View {
    private var mTimer: Timer? = null
    private val mCirclePaint: Paint = Paint()
    private val mPointerPaint: Paint = Paint()
    private val mTextPaint: Paint = Paint()

    private val mCirclePath: Path = Path()
    private val mHourPath: Path = Path()
    private val mMinutePath: Path = Path()
    private val mSecondPath: Path = Path()

    private lateinit var mPathMeasure: PathMeasure
    private lateinit var mSumPathEffect: SumPathEffect

    private var mViewWidth = 0
    private var mViewHeight = 0
    private var mCircleWidth = 6f
    private var mRadius = 0f
    private var mRectRadius = 20f
    private var mHoursDegree = 0f
    private var mMinutesDegree = 0f
    private var mSecondsDegree = 0f
    private var mCurrentTimeInSecond = 0L

    constructor(context: Context) : super(context)

    constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) : this(context, attrs, 0)

    constructor(
        context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?,
        defStyleAttr: Int
    ) : super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr)

    init {
        mCirclePaint.color = Color.BLACK
        mCirclePaint.isAntiAlias = true
        mCirclePaint.style = Paint.Style.STROKE
        mCirclePaint.strokeWidth = mCircleWidth

        mPointerPaint.color = Color.BLACK
        mPointerPaint.isAntiAlias = true
        mPointerPaint.style = Paint.Style.FILL

        mTextPaint.color = Color.BLACK
        mTextPaint.isAntiAlias = true
        mTextPaint.style = Paint.Style.FILL
        mTextPaint.textSize = 40f
    }

    override fun onSizeChanged(w: Int, h: Int, oldw: Int, oldh: Int) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh)
        mViewWidth = measuredWidth - paddingLeft - paddingRight
        mViewHeight = measuredHeight - paddingTop - paddingBottom

        mRadius = mViewWidth / 2 - mCircleWidth
        mCirclePath.addCircle(0f, 0f, mRadius, Path.Direction.CW)

        mPathMeasure = PathMeasure(mCirclePath, false)
        val minutesShapePath = Path()
        val quarterShapePath = Path()
        minutesShapePath.addRect(0f, 0f, mRadius * 0.01f, mRadius * 0.06f, Path.Direction.CW)
        quarterShapePath.addRect(0f, 0f, mRadius * 0.02f, mRadius * 0.06f, Path.Direction.CW)
        val minutesDashPathEffect = PathDashPathEffect(
            minutesShapePath,
            mPathMeasure.length / 60,
            0f,
            PathDashPathEffect.Style.ROTATE
        )
        val quarterDashPathEffect = PathDashPathEffect(
            quarterShapePath,
            mPathMeasure.length / 12,
            0f,
            PathDashPathEffect.Style.ROTATE
        )
        mSumPathEffect = SumPathEffect(minutesDashPathEffect, quarterDashPathEffect)

        val hourPointerHeight = mRadius * 0.5f
        val hourPointerWidth = mRadius * 0.07f
        val hourRect = RectF(
            -hourPointerWidth / 2,
            -hourPointerHeight * 0.7f,
            hourPointerWidth / 2,
            hourPointerHeight * 0.3f
        )
        mHourPath.addRoundRect(hourRect, mRectRadius, mRectRadius, Path.Direction.CW)

        val minutePointerHeight = mRadius * 0.7f
        val minutePointerWidth = mRadius * 0.05f
        val minuteRect = RectF(
            -minutePointerWidth / 2,
            -minutePointerHeight * 0.8f,
            minutePointerWidth / 2,
            minutePointerHeight * 0.2f
        )
        mMinutePath.addRoundRect(minuteRect, mRectRadius, mRectRadius, Path.Direction.CW)

        val secondPointerHeight = mRadius * 0.9f
        val secondPointerWidth = mRadius * 0.03f
        val secondRect = RectF(
            -secondPointerWidth / 2,
            -secondPointerHeight * 0.8f,
            secondPointerWidth / 2,
            secondPointerHeight * 0.2f
        )
        mSecondPath.addRoundRect(secondRect, mRectRadius, mRectRadius, Path.Direction.CW)

        startAnimator()
    }

    override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas?) {
        super.onDraw(canvas)
        if (canvas == null) {
            return
        }
        canvas.translate((mViewWidth / 2).toFloat(), (mViewHeight / 2).toFloat())

        //画圆盘
        mCirclePaint.pathEffect = null
        canvas.drawPath(mCirclePath, mCirclePaint)

        //画刻度
        mCirclePaint.pathEffect = mSumPathEffect
        canvas.drawPath(mCirclePath, mCirclePaint)

        //时分秒指针
        mPointerPaint.color = Color.BLACK

        canvas.save()
        canvas.rotate(mHoursDegree)
        canvas.drawPath(mHourPath, mPointerPaint)
        canvas.restore()

        canvas.save()
        canvas.rotate(mMinutesDegree)
        canvas.drawPath(mMinutePath, mPointerPaint)
        canvas.restore()

        canvas.save()
        canvas.rotate(mSecondsDegree)
        canvas.drawPath(mSecondPath, mPointerPaint)
        canvas.restore()

        //画中心点
        mPointerPaint.color = Color.WHITE
        canvas.drawCircle(0f, 0f, mRadius * 0.02f, mPointerPaint)
    }

    private fun startAnimator() {
        val cal = Calendar.getInstance()
        val hour = cal.get(Calendar.HOUR)  //小时
        val minute = cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE)  //分
        val second = cal.get(Calendar.SECOND)  //秒
        mCurrentTimeInSecond = (hour * 60 * 60 + minute * 60 + second).toLong()

        if (mTimer == null) {
            mTimer = Timer()
        } else {
            mTimer?.cancel()
            mTimerTask.cancel()
        }
        mTimer?.schedule(mTimerTask, 0, 1000)
    }

    private var mTimerTask: TimerTask = object : TimerTask() {
        override fun run() {
            mCurrentTimeInSecond++
            computeDegree()
            invalidate()
        }
    }

    //12小时 00:00:00 ~ 12:00:00
    private fun computeDegree() {
        val secondsInOneRoll = 12 * 60 * 60
        val currentSeconds = mCurrentTimeInSecond % secondsInOneRoll

        var leftSeconds = currentSeconds
        val hours = currentSeconds / 60 / 60
        leftSeconds = currentSeconds - hours * 60 * 60
        val minutes = leftSeconds / 60
        leftSeconds -= minutes * 60
        val seconds = leftSeconds % 60

        mHoursDegree = hours * 30f
        mMinutesDegree = minutes * 6f
        mSecondsDegree = seconds * 6f

    }
}

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