如何利用python绘制等高线图

目录

• 使用方法
• 添加label的
• 绘制虚线
• level
• 设置颜色和线条宽度
• 其他设置

使用方法

matplotlib.pyplot.contour(*args, data=None, **kwargs)

参数介绍：

参数X,YZ(M,N)类数组level

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3,3,256), np.linspace(-3,3,256))
Z = (1 - X/2 + X**5 + Y**3) * np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
levels = np.linspace(np.min(Z), np.max(Z), 7)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.contour(X, Y, Z, levels=levels)
plt.show()

添加label的

需要住的是inline参数.默认是inline=True

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z)
ax.clabel(CS, inline=True, fontsize=10)
ax.set_title('Simplest default with labels')
plt.show()

绘制虚线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 6, colors='k')
ax.clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)
ax.set_title('Single color - negative contours dashed')
plt.show()

level

确定等高线数量/位置,选择不超过n+1个"良好"轮廓级别

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(14,7))
axs[0].set_title('levels=6')
CS = axs[0].contour(X, Y, Z, 6, colors='k')
axs[0].clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)

axs[1].set_title('levels=10')
CS1 = axs[1].contour(X, Y, Z, 10, colors='k')
axs[1].clabel(CS1, fontsize=9, inline=True)
plt.show()

设置颜色和线条宽度

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 6,
                linewidths=np.arange(.5, 4, .5),
                colors=('r', 'cyan', 'blue', (1, 1, 0), '#afeeee', '0.5'),
                )
ax.clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)
ax.set_title('Crazy lines')
plt.show()

其他设置

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
im = ax.imshow(Z, interpolation='bilinear', origin='lower',
               cmap=cm.gray, extent=(-3, 3, -2, 2))
levels = np.arange(-1.2, 1.6, 0.2)
CS = ax.contour(Z, levels, origin='lower', cmap='flag', extend='both',
                linewidths=2, extent=(-3, 3, -2, 2))
CS.collections[6].set_linewidth(4)
ax.clabel(CS, levels[1::2],  # label every second level
          inline=True, fmt='%1.1f', fontsize=14)
CB = fig.colorbar(CS, shrink=0.8)
ax.set_title('Lines with colorbar')
CBI = fig.colorbar(im, orientation='horizontal', shrink=0.8)
l, b, w, h = ax.get_position().bounds
ll, bb, ww, hh = CB.ax.get_position().bounds
CB.ax.set_position([ll, b + 0.1*h, ww, h*0.8])
plt.show()

到此这篇关于如何利用python绘制等高线图的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python绘制等高线图内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们！