基于springboot bean的实例化过程和属性注入过程

目录

• bean的实例化过程和属性注入过程
• bean实例化流程说明

bean的实例化过程和属性注入过程

了解过springboot的加载流程的都知道springboot初始化bean都在refresh方法中。

这个方法代码如下：

// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.新建beanFactory
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
   // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
   postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
   // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
   // 加载实现beanFactoryPostProcessor的bean，bean定义的时候执行
   invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
   // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
   // 加载实现了beanPostProcessor，在bean实例化前、后执行
   registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
   // Initialize message source for this context.
   initMessageSource();
   // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
   initApplicationEventMulticaster();
   // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
   onRefresh();
   // Check for listener beans and register them.
   registerListeners();
   // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
   //实例化非懒加载的bean、bean封装、属性注入、注解注入(主要使用BeanPostProcessor或子类实现)等
   finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
   // Last step: publish corresponding event.
   finishRefresh();

这里我们主要看下finishBeanfactoryInitialization方法。此方法实现了bean的实例和属性注入等。进入此方法的最后一行。

// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();

注释写的很清楚，实例化剩余非懒加载的bean。此方法的实现是核心类DefaultLisListableBeanFactory实现。这个方法中有个判断：bean是否是beanFactory的实现类。

如果是则获取bean的时候会从beanFactory实现类的getObject中获取，我们重点看看getBean这个方法。

getBean是spring中最重要、最牛逼的方法之一，具体的逻辑是通过doGetBean方法处理的。

我们看下doGetBean方法，方法很长。我们分成几个部分去看。

1、先判断是否已经存在缓存中，代码如下：

if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
   if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
         logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
               "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
      }
      else {
         logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
      }
   }
   bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);

2、从父beanfactory中获取

BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
   // Not found -> check parent.
   String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
   if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
      return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
            nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
   }
   else if (args != null) {
      // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
      return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
   }
   else {
      // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
      return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
   }
}

3、直接创建RootBeanDefinition

//mark 给此bean 马克一下。防止重复创建
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
   markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
   final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
   checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
   // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
   String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
   if (dependsOn != null) {
      for (String dep : dependsOn) {
         if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                  "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
         }
         registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
         getBean(dep);
      }
   }

4、是singleton还是prototype类型的，根据不同类型去实例化bean,代码只贴了单例的类型：

// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
   sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
      try {
         return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
      }
      catch (BeansException ex) {
         // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
         // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
         // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
         destroySingleton(beanName);
         throw ex;
      }
   });
   bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);

5、检查bean的类型是否匹配

// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
   try {
      T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
      if (convertedBean == null) {
         throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
      }
      return convertedBean;
   }
   catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
               ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
      }
      throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
   }
}

整个doGetBean方法改成这5个部分，重点看下第4个部分中的createBean和getObjectForBeanInstance方法。

1、createBean方法，里面主要是2个部分,bean直接是通过BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeIntantiation方法获取的。

注释也是描述的很清楚：Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the bean instance(英语渣渣不敢瞎翻译误导大家，理解就好)

代码如下：

try {
   // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
   Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
   if (bean != null) {
      return bean;
   }
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
   throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
         "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}

第一个部分自己实现，那么createBean方法第2个部分毋庸置疑肯定是spring去实例化bean，代码如下：

try {
   Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
   if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
   }
   return beanInstance;
}

又是do开头的方法，说明这个也是一个创建方法，spring中一般do开头的都是用于创建某个对象。跟着代码走，看下doCreateBean方法，在查看此方法之前，可能需要了解下BeanWarpper这个封装类。bean的封装、属性注入等都是用BeanWarpper去完成的。

看下代码：

// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
   instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
   instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}

进入createBeanInstance方法中，就是调用构造器去实例化bean，返回beanWrapper。通过构造器获取实例代码如下：

// Need to determine the constructor...
Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
if (ctors != null ||
      mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
      mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args))  {
   return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
}
// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);

这里实例化我一开始以为就是简单的反射，后面我点进去时候发现里面一直提策略实例化，我目前了解的是可以解决Override的问题等。如果有兴趣的可以自行查看。到这里为止。我们终于实例化bean了。下面看下第二步bean的属性注入等。

代码如下：

Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
   populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
   exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
   if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
      throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
   }
   else {
      throw new BeanCreationException(
            mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
   }
}

populateBean方法名称就暴露他是干啥的：填充bean。我放一段比较重要的部分：

if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
   if (pvs == null) {
      pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
   }
   PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
   if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
      for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
         if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
            InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
            pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
            if (pvs == null) {
               return;
            }
         }
      }
   }
   if (needsDepCheck) {
      checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
   }
}

这段代码貌似没有什么注入、填充什么的，我们看下InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor这个接口，发现这个接口有个很熟悉的实现类是：AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor。这个类的方法中我们看到终于看到了jnject方法。但是在inject之前需要调用下findAutowiringMatedata方法获取一下元数据：

// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
   synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
      metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
      if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
         if (metadata != null) {
            metadata.clear(pvs);
         }
         metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
         this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
      }
   }
}
return metadata;

那么问题又来了，这个injectionMetadataCache集合值是从那里来的呢？AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现了MergeBeandefinitionPostProcessor,那么就好了，肯定是在bean实例的时候调用了postProcessMergedBeanDefintion这个方法。

果然在doCreateBean方法中有这么一段：

// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
   if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
      try {
         //通过 BeanPostProcessor将需要注解的元数据 放到Map中
         applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
      }
      catch (Throwable ex) {
         throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
               "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
      }
      mbd.postProcessed = true;
   }
}

哎，spring缜密啊。元数据有了，下面我们看下element.inject()方法是如何操作的：

if (this.isField) {
   Field field = (Field) this.member;
   ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
   field.set(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
}
else {
   if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
      return;
   }
   try {
      Method method = (Method) this.member;
      ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
      method.invoke(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
   }
   catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
      throw ex.getTargetException();
   }
}

方法简单明了，直接使用反射将值set到属性中，至此 bean的实例、属性注入基本完成，下面我们回头来看doGetBean的另一个方法getObjectForBeanInstance。

2、getObjectForBeanInstance方法。对于是FactoryBean类型的 bean通过getObject获取到bean的代理实例，跟着方法一直走下去会到getObejct()方法中。

if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
   AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext();
   try {
      object = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>) factory::getObject, acc);
   }
   catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
      throw pae.getException();
   }
}
else {
   //从FactoryBean实现bean中getObejct获取到bean
   object = factory.getObject();
}

到此 finishBeanfactoryInitialization方法执行结束！

bean实例化流程说明

bean实例化流程流程是在onRefresh方法的finishBeanFactoryInitialization中。进入该方法

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
        // Initialize conversion service for this context.
        if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
                beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
            beanFactory.setConversionService(
                    beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
        }

        // Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
        // (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
        // at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
        if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
            beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
        }

        // Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
        String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
        for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
            getBean(weaverAwareName);
        }

        // Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
        beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);

        // Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
        beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();

        // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
        beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
    }

1、beanFactory.freezeConfiguration(); 标记正在实例化

当前有183个bean正在实例化中。

2、调用beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(); 实例化bean

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持我们。