Python 确定多项式拟合/回归的阶数实例
通过 1至10 阶来拟合对比 均方误差及R评分,可以确定最优的“最大阶数”。
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression,Perceptron from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error,r2_score from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split X = np.array([-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]).reshape(-1, 1) y = np.array(2*(X**4) + X**2 + 9*X + 2) #y = np.array([300,500,0,-10,0,20,200,300,1000,800,4000,5000,10000,9000,22000]).reshape(-1, 1) x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3) rmses = [] degrees = np.arange(1, 10) min_rmse, min_deg,score = 1e10, 0 ,0 for deg in degrees: # 生成多项式特征集(如根据degree=3 ,生成 [[x,x**2,x**3]] ) poly = PolynomialFeatures(degree=deg, include_bias=False) x_train_poly = poly.fit_transform(x_train) # 多项式拟合 poly_reg = LinearRegression() poly_reg.fit(x_train_poly, y_train) #print(poly_reg.coef_,poly_reg.intercept_) #系数及常数 # 测试集比较 x_test_poly = poly.fit_transform(x_test) y_test_pred = poly_reg.predict(x_test_poly) #mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred) #均方误差回归损失,越小越好。 poly_rmse = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test, y_test_pred)) rmses.append(poly_rmse) # r2 范围[0,1],R2越接近1拟合越好。 r2score = r2_score(y_test, y_test_pred) # degree交叉验证 if min_rmse > poly_rmse: min_rmse = poly_rmse min_deg = deg score = r2score print('degree = %s, RMSE = %.2f ,r2_score = %.2f' % (deg, poly_rmse,r2score)) fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111) ax.plot(degrees, rmses) ax.set_yscale('log') ax.set_xlabel('Degree') ax.set_ylabel('RMSE') ax.set_title('Best degree = %s, RMSE = %.2f, r2_score = %.2f' %(min_deg, min_rmse,score)) plt.show()
因为因变量 Y = 2*(X**4) + X**2 + 9*X + 2 ,自变量和因变量是完整的公式,看图很明显,degree >=4 的都符合,拟合函数都正确。(RMSE 最小,R平方非负且接近于1,则模型最好)
如果将 Y 值改为如下:
y = np.array([300,500,0,-10,0,20,200,300,1000,800,4000,5000,10000,9000,22000]).reshape(-1, 1)
degree=3 是最好的,且 r 平方也最接近于1(注意:如果 R 平方为负数,则不准确,需再次测试。因样本数据较少,可能也会判断错误)。
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