C++实现LeetCode(150.计算逆波兰表达式)
[LeetCode] 150.Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation 计算逆波兰表达式
Evaluate the value of an arithmetic expression in Reverse Polish Notation.
Valid operators are +, -, *, /. Each operand may be an integer or another expression.
Note:
- Division between two integers should truncate toward zero.
- The given RPN expression is always valid. That means the expression would always evaluate to a result and there won't be any divide by zero operation.
Example 1:
Input: ["2", "1", "+", "3", "*"]
Output: 9
Explanation: ((2 + 1) * 3) = 9
Example 2:
Input: ["4", "13", "5", "/", "+"]
Output: 6
Explanation: (4 + (13 / 5)) = 6
Example 3:
Input: ["10", "6", "9", "3", "+", "-11", "*", "/", "*", "17", "+", "5", "+"]
Output: 22
Explanation:
((10 * (6 / ((9 + 3) * -11))) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * (6 / (12 * -11))) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * (6 / -132)) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * 0) + 17) + 5
= (0 + 17) + 5
= 17 + 5
= 22
逆波兰表达式就是把操作数放前面,把操作符后置的一种写法,我们通过观察可以发现,第一个出现的运算符,其前面必有两个数字,当这个运算符和之前两个数字完成运算后从原数组中删去,把得到一个新的数字插入到原来的位置,继续做相同运算,直至整个数组变为一个数字。于是按这种思路写了代码如下,但是拿到OJ上测试,发现会有Time Limit Exceeded的错误,无奈只好上网搜答案,发现大家都是用栈做的。仔细想想,这道题果然应该是栈的完美应用啊,从前往后遍历数组,遇到数字则压入栈中,遇到符号,则把栈顶的两个数字拿出来运算,把结果再压入栈中,直到遍历完整个数组,栈顶数字即为最终答案。代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int evalRPN(vector<string>& tokens) { if (tokens.size() == 1) return stoi(tokens[0]); stack<int> st; for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); ++i) { if (tokens[i] != "+" && tokens[i] != "-" && tokens[i] != "*" && tokens[i] != "/") { st.push(stoi(tokens[i])); } else { int num1 = st.top(); st.pop(); int num2 = st.top(); st.pop(); if (tokens[i] == "+") st.push(num2 + num1); if (tokens[i] == "-") st.push(num2 - num1); if (tokens[i] == "*") st.push(num2 * num1); if (tokens[i] == "/") st.push(num2 / num1); } } return st.top(); } };
我们也可以用递归来做,由于一个有效的逆波兰表达式的末尾必定是操作符,所以我们可以从末尾开始处理,如果遇到操作符,向前两个位置调用递归函数,找出前面两个数字,然后进行操作将结果返回,如果遇到的是数字直接返回即可,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int evalRPN(vector<string>& tokens) { int op = (int)tokens.size() - 1; return helper(tokens, op); } int helper(vector<string>& tokens, int& op) { string str = tokens[op]; if (str != "+" && str != "-" && str != "*" && str != "/") return stoi(str); int num1 = helper(tokens, --op); int num2 = helper(tokens, --op); if (str == "+") return num2 + num1; if (str == "-") return num2 - num1; if (str == "*") return num2 * num1; return num2 / num1; } };
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms/
到此这篇关于C++实现LeetCode(150.计算逆波兰表达式)的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C++实现计算逆波兰表达式内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!