C++实现LeetCode(67.二进制数相加)

[LeetCode] 67. Add Binary 二进制数相加

Given two binary strings a and b, return their sum as a binary string.

Example 1:

Input: a = "11", b = "1"
Output: "100"

Example 2:

Input: a = "1010", b = "1011"
Output: "10101"

Constraints:

  • 1 <= a.length, b.length <= 104
  • a and b consist only of '0' or '1' characters.
  • Each string does not contain leading zeros except for the zero itself.

二进制数相加，并且保存在 string 中，要注意的是如何将 string 和 int 之间互相转换，并且每位相加时，会有进位的可能，会影响之后相加的结果。而且两个输入 string 的长度也可能会不同。这时我们需要新建一个 string，它的长度是两条输入 string 中的较大的那个，并且把较短的那个输入 string 通过在开头加字符 ‘0' 来补的较大的那个长度。这时候逐个从两个 string 的末尾开始取出字符，然后转为数字，想加，如果大于等于2，则标记进位标志 carry，并且给新 string 加入一个字符 ‘0'。代码如下：

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    string addBinary(string a, string b) {
        string res;
        int na = a.size(), nb = b.size(), n = max(na, nb), carry = 0;
        if (na > nb) {
            for (int i = 0; i < na - nb; ++i) b.insert(b.begin(), '0');
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < nb - na; ++i) a.insert(a.begin(), '0');
        }
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            int sum = (a[i] - '0') + (b[i] - '0') + carry;
            res = to_string(sum % 2) + res;
            carry = sum / 2;
        }
        if (carry) res.insert(res.begin(), '1');
        return res;
    }
};

下面这种写法又巧妙又简洁，用了两个指针分别指向a和b的末尾，然后每次取出一个字符，转为数字，若无法取出字符则按0处理，然后定义进位 carry，初始化为0，将三者加起来，对2取余即为当前位的数字，对2取商即为当前进位的值，记得最后还要判断下 carry，如果为1的话，要在结果最前面加上一个1，参见代码如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    string addBinary(string a, string b) {
        string res = "";
        int m = a.size() - 1, n = b.size() - 1, carry = 0;
        while (m >= 0 || n >= 0) {
            int p = m >= 0 ? a[m--] - '0' : 0;
            int q = n >= 0 ? b[n--] - '0' : 0;
            int sum = p + q + carry;
            res = to_string(sum % 2) + res;
            carry = sum / 2;
        }
        return carry == 1 ? "1" + res : res;
    }
};

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