详解spring cloud如何使用spring-test进行单元测试

上篇和大家学习了spring cloud 如何整合reids，在测试时借用了web形式的restful接口进行的。那还有没有别的方式可以对spring boot和spring cloud编写的代码进行单元测试呢？答案：肯定是有的。这篇讲解一下如何使用 spring-boot-starter-test进行单元测试

1、新建项目sc-test，对应的pom.xml文件如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>sc-test</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>sc-test</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency> -->

  </dependencies>
</project>

说明：只要使用spring-boot-starter-test即可，该jar已经包含spring-boot-test

2、新建spring boot启动类

package sc.test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
  }

}

备注：如果没有该类，spring-test启动将报错，见下图

3、新建操作redis的配置类

package sc.test.config;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class RedisCacheAutoConfiguration {

  @Bean
  public RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
    RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
    //键的序列化方式
    template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
    //值的序列化方式
    template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
    template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
    return template;
  }
}

4、新建配置文件application.yml

server:
 port: 9005

spring:
 application:
  name: sc-redis
 redis:
  host: 127.0.0.1
  password:
  port: 6379
  timeout: 10000 # 连接超时时间（毫秒）
  database: 0 # Redis默认情况下有16个分片，这里配置具体使用的分片，默认是0
  lettuce:
   pool:
    max-active: 8 # 连接池最大连接数（使用负值表示没有限制） 默认 8
    max-wait: -1 # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间（使用负值表示没有限制） 默认 -1
    max-idle: 8 # 连接池中的最大空闲连接 默认 8
    min-idle: 0 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接 默认 0

5、新建测试类TestRedis.java

package sc.test.unit;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import sc.test.model.User;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestRedis {

  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestRedis.class);

  @Autowired
  private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

  @Autowired
  private RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate;

  @Test
  public void get() {
    // 测试线程安全
//    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
//    IntStream.range(0, 1000).forEach(i ->
//        executorService.execute(() -> stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("kk", 1))
//    );
    stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key", "{'name':'huangjinjin', 'age':30}");
    final String value = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key");
    log.info("[字符缓存结果] - [{}]", value);
    String key = "manage:user:1";
    User u = new User();
    u.setId(1L);
    u.setAge(30);
    u.setPosition("cto");
    u.setUserName("good boy");
    redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, u);
    //从缓存获取User对象
    final User user = (User) redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    log.info("[对象缓存结果] - userName={}, age={}, position={}", //
        user.getUserName(), user.getAge(), user.getPosition());
  }
}

6、进行测试

（1）reids server没有启动时，运行TestRedis.java（右键选择Junit Test）

连接不上Reids server异常

（2）reids server启动后时，运行TestRedis.java，出现绿条说明执行代码成功

日志中打印相关数据，说明数据也存贮到redis server中

7、使用redis-cli验证数据是否正在存档redis server中

有了spring-boot-starter-test，就可以不使用restful接口对spring boot写的接口进行单元测试了。不但可以测试redis，也可以测试数据库的增删查改。可以使用spring中的各种注解，注入对象。

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