详解Android获取设备唯一ID的几种方式

先来看看几种比较单一的方式：

IMEI

方式：TelephonyManager.getDeviceId():

问题

1. 范围：只能支持拥有通话功能的设备，对于平板不可以。
2. 持久性：返厂，数据擦除的时候不彻底，保留了原来的标识。
3. 权限：需要权限：Android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
4. bug: 有些厂家的实现有bug，返回一些不可用的数据

 Mac地址

ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

有些设备没有WiFi，或者蓝牙，就不可以，如果WiFi没有打开，硬件也不会返回Mac地址，不建议使用

ANDROID_ID
2.2（Froyo，8）版本系统会不可信，来自主要生产厂商的主流手机，至少有一个普遍发现的bug，这些有问题的手机相同的ANDROID_ID: 9774d56d682e549c

但是如果返厂的手机，或者被root的手机，可能会变

Serial Number

从Android 2.3 (“Gingerbread”)开始可用，可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取，对于没有通话功能的设备，它会返回一个唯一的device ID，

以下几个是stackoverflow上评论较多的几个，没贴完，还有其他，综合的，用到以上的部分方式：

地址：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2785485/is-there-a-unique-android-device-id

有兴趣的朋友可以再仔细看看

支持率比较高的（支持票数157）：androidID --> 剔除2.2版本（API 8）中有问题的手机，使用UUID替代

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager; 

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID; 

public class DeviceUuidFactory { 

  protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
  protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
  protected static volatile UUID uuid; 

  public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
    if (uuid == null) {
      synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
        if (uuid == null) {
          final SharedPreferences prefs = context
              .getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0);
          final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null);
          if (id != null) {
            // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the
            // prefs file
            uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
          } else {
            final String androidId = Secure.getString(
              context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
            // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case
            // fallback on deviceId,
            // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random
            // number which we store to a prefs file
            try {
              if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
                uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId
                    .getBytes("utf8"));
              } else {
                final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager)
                    context.getSystemService(
                      Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)
                      .getDeviceId();
                uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID
                    .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId
                        .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID
                    .randomUUID();
              }
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
              throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            // Write the value out to the prefs file
            prefs.edit()
                .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString())
                .commit();
          }
        }
      }
    }
  } 

  /**
   * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,
   * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android
   * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
   *
   * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,
   * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to
   * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted
   * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.
   *
   * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the
   * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if
   * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android
   * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.
   * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper
   * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
   *
   * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),
   * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be
   * aware of.
   *
   * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID
   * directly.
   *
   * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
   *
   * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most
   *     purposes.
   */
  public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
    return uuid;
  }
}

根据版本进行判断的方式：Serial序列号-->UUID （支持数31）

通过Serial 即可，在覆盖率上，你已经成功的获得了98.4%的用户，剩下的1.6%的用户系统是在9 以下的。

通过AndroidID获取，前面已经说过，在8上，有些商家的手机会有一些bug，返回相同的AndroidID，如果Serial和AndroidID都不行

/**
 * Return pseudo unique ID
 * @return ID
 */
public static String getUniquePsuedoID()
{
  // If all else fails, if the user does have lower than API 9 (lower
  // than Gingerbread), has reset their phone or 'Secure.ANDROID_ID'
  // returns 'null', then simply the ID returned will be solely based
  // off their Android device information. This is where the collisions
  // can happen.
  // Thanks http://www.pocketmagic.net/?p=1662!
  // Try not to use DISPLAY, HOST or ID - these items could change.
  // If there are collisions, there will be overlapping data
  String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + (Build.BOARD.length() % 10) + (Build.BRAND.length() % 10) + (Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10) + (Build.DEVICE.length() % 10) + (Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10) + (Build.MODEL.length() % 10) + (Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10); 

  // Thanks to @Roman SL!
  // http://stackoverflow.com/a/4789483/950427
  // Only devices with API >= 9 have android.os.Build.SERIAL
  // http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.html#SERIAL
  // If a user upgrades software or roots their phone, there will be a duplicate entry
  String serial = null;
  try
  {
    serial = android.os.Build.class.getField("SERIAL").get(null).toString(); 

    // Go ahead and return the serial for api => 9
    return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
  }
  catch (Exception e)
  {
    // String needs to be initialized
    serial = "serial"; // some value
  } 

  // Thanks @Joe!
  // http://stackoverflow.com/a/2853253/950427
  // Finally, combine the values we have found by using the UUID class to create a unique identifier
  return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
}

不用READ_PHONE_STATE权限直接获取ROM信息的方式：（支持率较低 16）

String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + //we make this look like a valid IMEI
      Build.BOARD.length()%10+ Build.BRAND.length()%10 +
      Build.CPU_ABI.length()%10 + Build.DEVICE.length()%10 +
      Build.DISPLAY.length()%10 + Build.HOST.length()%10 +
      Build.ID.length()%10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length()%10 +
      Build.MODEL.length()%10 + Build.PRODUCT.length()%10 +
      Build.TAGS.length()%10 + Build.TYPE.length()%10 +
      Build.USER.length()%10 ; //13 digits 

最后贴上自己在项目中用的：

public static String getDeviceId(Context context) {
    String deviceId = "";
    if (deviceId != null && !"".equals(deviceId)) {
     return deviceId;
   }
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
      try {
        deviceId = getLocalMac(context).replace(":", "");
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
      try {
        deviceId = getAndroidId(context);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) { 

      if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) {
        UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
        deviceId = uuid.toString().replace("-", "");
        writeDeviceID(deviceId);
      }
    }
    return deviceId;
  } 

// IMEI码
  private static String getIMIEStatus(Context context) {
    TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context
        .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();
    return deviceId;
  } 

  // Mac地址
  private static String getLocalMac(Context context) {
    WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) context
        .getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
    WifiInfo info = wifi.getConnectionInfo();
    return info.getMacAddress();
  } 

  // Android Id
  private static String getAndroidId(Context context) {
    String androidId = Settings.Secure.getString(
        context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
    return androidId;
  } 

  public static void saveDeviceID(String str) {
    try {
      FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
      Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8");
      out.write(str);
      out.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  } 

  public static String readDeviceID() {
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    try {
      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
      InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");
      Reader in = new BufferedReader(isr);
      int i;
      while ((i = in.read()) > -1) {
        buffer.append((char) i);
      }
      in.close();
      return buffer.toString();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

对于获取设备唯一ID并没有绝对的方案，这一点在android的官方博客中也提到了，不过以上几种方案，应该可以满足平时的需求，大家可以选择其中自己认为比较好的，用于自己的项目中。

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