Android实现读写SD卡

SD卡的读写是我们在开发Android 应用程序过程中最常见的操作。下面介绍SD卡的读写操作方式：

   1. 获取SD卡的根目录

代码如下:

String  sdCardRoot = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();

 2. 在SD卡上创建文件夹目录

/**
 * 在SD卡上创建目录
 */
public File createDirOnSDCard(String dir)
{
  File dirFile = new File(sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir +File.separator);
  Log.v("createDirOnSDCard", sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir +File.separator);
  dirFile.mkdirs();
  return dirFile;
}

3. 在SD卡上创建文件

/**
 * 在SD卡上创建文件
 */
public File createFileOnSDCard(String fileName, String dir) throws IOException
{
  File file = new File(sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir + File.separator + fileName);
  Log.v("createFileOnSDCard", sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir + File.separator + fileName);
  file.createNewFile();
  return file;
}

4.判断文件是否存在于SD卡的某个目录

/**
 * 判断SD卡上文件是否存在
 */
public boolean isFileExist(String fileName, String path)
{
  File file = new File(sdCardRoot + path + File.separator + fileName);
  return file.exists();
}

  5.将数据写入到SD卡指定目录文件

/* 写入数据到SD卡中
   */
  public File writeData2SDCard(String path, String fileName, InputStream data)
  {
    File file = null;
    OutputStream output = null; 

    try {
      createDirOnSDCard(path); //创建目录
      file = createFileOnSDCard(fileName, path); //创建文件
      output = new FileOutputStream(file);
      byte buffer[] = new byte[2*1024];     //每次写2K数据
      int temp;
      while((temp = data.read(buffer)) != -1 )
      {
        output.write(buffer,0,temp);
      }
      output.flush(); 

    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
      try {
        output.close();  //关闭数据流操作
      } catch (Exception e2) {
        e2.printStackTrace();
      }
    } 

    return file;
  }

注意事项

对SD卡的操作，必须要申请权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

详情看这里 http://www.jb51.net/article/34296.htm

注意：不直接进行读出是为了防止打文件操作对内存的消耗，所以用输入流读到硬盘上。

public String readFile(String fileName) throws Exception{
    FileInputStream fis = context.openFileInput(fileName);
    byte[] bytes = new byte[fis.available()];
    fis.read(bytes);
    fis.close();
    return new String(bytes,"utf-8");
  }

当文件很大的时候，byte[]会占用很大的内存。

package cn.itcast.fileio.service;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Environment;

public class SdCardService {
  private Context ctx;

  public SdCardService(Context ctx) {
    this.ctx = ctx;
  }

  /**
   * 写文件入skcard
   */
  public void writeToSdCard(String fileName, String cont) {
    try {
      // 判断是否有挂载sdcard
      if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
          Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
        // 得到sdcar文件目录
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir, "itcast.txt");
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
        fos.write(cont.getBytes());
        fos.close();
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  /**
   * 读SdCard中的文件
   */
  public String readSdCard(String fileName) {
    try {
      // 判断是否有挂载sdcard
      if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
          Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
        // 得到sdcar文件目录
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir, "itcast.txt");
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        return readIs2String(fis);
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * 将输入流数据读取到输出流当中
   */
  private OutputStream readIs2Os(InputStream is ,OutputStream os){
    try {
      byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
      int length = 0 ;
      while((length = is.read(bytes)) != -1){
        os.write(bytes, 0, length);
      }
      is.close();
      os.close();
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return os ;
  }

  /**
   * 将输入流数据读取到输出流当中
   */
  public byte[] readIs2Bytes(InputStream is){
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    readIs2Os(is,baos);
    return baos.toByteArray() ;
  }

  public String readIs2String(InputStream is){
    try {
      return new String(readIs2Bytes(is),"utf-8");
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null ;
  }

  public String readIs2String(String fileName){
    try {
      if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir,fileName);
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
        return readIs2String(is);
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null ;
  }
}