详解基于CentOS 7配置Nginx自启动

Nginx是广为流行的轻量级Web服务器软件。它开源，短小精悍，简单易用，深受广大互联网企业以及IT运维人员所喜爱。很多时候，我们在生产环境基于编译方式安装Nginx后，Nginx需要手工配置自启动服务，以确保服务器异常宕机后自动重启该服务。以下描述的是基于CentOS 7下来配置自启动服务，供大家参考。

一、yum 安装方式Nginx自启动

当前环境

[root@node142 ~]# more /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 

查看是否保护nginx rpm包

[root@node142 ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64

查看是否存在相应的服务，如下，有nginx.service

[root@node142 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
nginx.service               disabled

将其配置为自动

[root@node142 ~]# systemctl enable nginx.service

查看nginx.service文件

[root@node142 ~]# more /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

上述配置文件中的内容和官网提供的一模一样

https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

二、编译安装后的自启动配置

由于是编译安装，因此，对于这个自启动的脚本我们需要自行配制。

具体则是参考上面的链接或者上面给出的nginx.service文件内容。

然后将其保存为 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service。

看下面的例子

# more /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 

# ps -ef|grep nginx
root  10092 10014 0 16:23 pts/0  00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root  20791  1 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx -c /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf
nobody 20792 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody 20793 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:42 nginx: worker process
nobody 20794 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:50 nginx: worker process
nobody 20795 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody 20796 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody 20797 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody 20798 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:37 nginx: worker process
nobody 20799 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:48 nginx: worker process
nobody 20800 20791 0 Mar20 ?    00:00:04 nginx: cache manager process
#

无相应的rpm包，如下查询，此处为编译安装

# rpm -qa|grep nginx

也没有添加相应的自启动服务

# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx

nginx版本

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1

获取nginx编译模块，然后查看诸如pid，二进制位置并记录以便修改启动文件

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/u01/app/nginx --sbin-path=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/error.log
--http-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/access.log --pid-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/client_temp
--http-proxy-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/proxy_temp
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/fastcgi_temp
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/scgi_temp
--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module
--with-file-aio --with-http_spdy_module --with-ipv6

下面我们生成一个新的nginx.service文件

# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

下面我们先手工停止nginx

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

配置自启动

# systemctl enable nginx.service

使用systemctl工具启动nginx服务

# systemctl start nginx.service

# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-03-29 16:37:47 CST; 6s ago
 Process: 10588 ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Process: 10586 ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10590 (nginx)
 CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
     ├─10590 nginx: master process /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
     ├─10591 nginx: worker process # Author : Leshami
     ├─10592 nginx: worker process # Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/leshami
     ├─10593 nginx: worker process
     ├─10594 nginx: worker process
     ├─10595 nginx: worker process
     ├─10596 nginx: worker process
     ├─10597 nginx: worker process
     ├─10598 nginx: worker process
     ├─10599 nginx: cache manager process
     └─10600 nginx: cache loader process

Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: the configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.

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