c++11 atomic的使用详解
std::atomic_flag
std::atomic_flag是一个原子的布尔类型,可支持两种原子操作:
- test_and_set, 如果atomic_flag对象被设置,则返回true; 如果atomic_flag对象未被设置,则设置之,返回false
- clear. 清楚atomic_flag对象
std::atomic_flag可用于多线程之间的同步操作,类似于linux中的信号量。使用atomic_flag可实现mutex.
#include <iostream> #include <atomic> #include <vector> #include <thread> #include <sstream> std::atomic_flag lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT; std::stringstream stream; void append_numer(int x) { while (lock.test_and_set()); stream << "thread#" << x << "\n"; lock.clear(); } int main() { std::vector<std::thread> ths; for (int i=0; i<10; i++) ths.push_back(std::thread(append_numer, i)); for (int i=0; i<10; i++) ths[i].join(); std::cout << stream.str(); return 0; }
std::atomic
std::atomic对int, char, bool等数据结构进行原子性封装,在多线程环境中,对std::atomic对象的访问不会造成竞争-冒险。利用std::atomic可实现数据结构的无锁设计。
#include <iostream> #include <atomic> #include <vector> #include <thread> #include <sstream> std::atomic<bool> ready(false); std::atomic_flag winner = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT; void count1m(int i) { while (!ready); for (int i=0; i<1000000; i++); if (!winner.test_and_set()) std::cout << "winner: " << i << std::endl; } int main() { std::vector<std::thread> ths; for (int i=0; i<10; i++) ths.push_back(std::thread(count1m, i)); ready = true; for (int i=0; i<10; i++) ths[i].join(); return 0; }
在上例中,执行read=true之后,所有线程结束空等。winner被初始化为ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT,最先执行winner.test_and_set并返回false的线程为winner。
#include <iostream> #include <atomic> #include <vector> #include <thread> #include <sstream> std::atomic<int> foo(0); void set_foo(int x) { foo = x; } void print_foo() { while (foo == 0) { std::this_thread::yield(); } std::cout << "x: " << foo << std::endl; } int main() { std::thread print_th(print_foo); std::thread set_th(set_foo, 10); print_th.join(); set_th.join(); return 0; }
在上例总,set_foo用于设置atomic<int>对象的值,print_foo用于打印atomic<int>对象的值。std::atomic对象的值的读取和写入可使用load和store实现。
#include <iostream> #include <cassert> #include <atomic> #include <vector> #include <unistd.h> #include <thread> #include <sstream> std::atomic<int> foo(0); std::atomic_flag lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT; void add_foo() { while (1) { foo++; // foo = foo + 1; while (lock.test_and_set()); std::cout <<"add: " << foo << std::endl; lock.clear(); usleep(1000); } } void sub_foo() { while (1) { foo--; // foo = foo - 1; while (lock.test_and_set()); std::cout << "sub: " << foo << std::endl; lock.clear(); usleep(1000); } } int main() { std::thread th2 = std::thread(add_foo); std::thread th1 = std::thread(sub_foo); th1.join(); th2.join(); return 0; }
atomic<int>支持++和--的原子操作。
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