SpringBoot使用@SpringBootTest注解开发单元测试教程

概述

@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：

1.添加依赖：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.cxh.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>generator</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

 <parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

  <dependencies>

		 <!-- spring boot web 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 视图 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

         <!-- mybatis 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        	<version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        	<version>5.0.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- alibaba的druid数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.9</version>
        </dependency>

	</dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Camden.SR6</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
  <build/>
</project>

2. 编写启动入口类

package com.cxh.study.platform;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 *
 * @desciption
 * @author ChenXiHua
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class GeneratorApp {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);
	}

}

3. 编写Controller类

package com.cxh.study.platform;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 *
 * @desciption
 * @author ChenXiHua
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class GeneratorApp {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);
	}

}

4. 编写service类

package com.cxh.study.platform.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

public interface IUserService {

	// 获取所有用户
	List<User> getAll();

	// 根据id获取用户
	User getUserById(Integer id);
}

package com.cxh.study.platform.service.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;
import com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper;
import com.cxh.study.platform.service.IUserService;

@Service("userServiceImpl")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

	@Autowired
	private IUserMapper userMapper;

	@Override
	public List<User> getAll() {
		return userMapper.getAll();
	}

	@Override
	public User getUserById(Integer id) {
		return userMapper.getUserById(id);
	}

}

5. 编写mapper类

package com.cxh.study.platform.mapper;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

@Mapper
public interface IUserMapper {
	//获取所有用户
	List<User>getAll();
	//根据id获取用户
	User getUserById(Integer id);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper" >
	<!--获取所有用户  -->
	<select id="getAll" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
		SELECT * FROM s_user
	</select>
	<!-- 根据id获取单个用户 -->
	<select id="getUserById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
		SELECT * FROM s_user
		where id=#{id}
	</select>
</mapper>

6. 编写测试类

package com.cxh.test;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.cxh.study.platform.GeneratorApp;
import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

/**
 *
 * @desciption 用户管理测试类
 * @author ChenXiHua
 * @date 2019年2月19日
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = GeneratorApp.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class UserTest {

	 /**
     * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
     */
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    private URL base;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
        System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
        this.base = new URL(url);
    }

    /**
     * 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
     * @throws Exception
     */
    //@Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {

        ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
    }

    //@Test
    public void getAllTest() throws Exception {

        ResponseEntity<List> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/getAll", List.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
    }

    @Test
    public void getUserByIdTest() throws Exception {

        ResponseEntity<User> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/getUserById?id=1", User.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody().toString()));
    }

}

其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。

7.测试结果：

2019-02-19 16:18:27.933  INFO 6676 --- [           main] com.cxh.test.UserTest                    : Started UserTest in 25.637 seconds (JVM running for 27.647)

port is : [14067]

2019-02-19 16:18:31.366  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'

2019-02-19 16:18:31.367  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started

2019-02-19 16:18:31.462  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 95 ms

测试结果为：User [id=1, account=cxh, password=123, type=1, status=1]

2019-02-19 16:18:35.326  INFO 6676 --- [       Thread-5] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@191004a: startup date [Tue Feb 19 16:18:05 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

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