SpringBoot集成Validation参数校验
本文实例为大家分享了SpringBoot集成Validation参数校验的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
1、依赖
SpringBoot在web启动器中已经包含validator包
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
非SpringBoot项目，需要自定引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>6.1.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupOd>org.glassfish</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.el</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
2、常用约束说明
package com.smile.project.validator.utils;
public class 常用约束说明 {
/**
* @Null：元素为null
* @NotNull：元素不为null
* @AssertTrue：元素为true
* @AssertFalse：元素为false
* @Min(value)：数字的值大于等于指定的最小值
* @Max(value)：数字的值小于等于指定的最大值
* @DecimalMin(value)：大数值大于等于指定的最小值
* @DecimalMax(value)：大数值小于等于指定的最大值
* @Size(max=,min=)：元素的大小在指定的范围内
* @Digits(integer,fraction):元素是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内
* @Past:一个过去的日期
* @Future:一个将来的日期
* @Pattern(regex=,flag=):指定的正则表达式
* @URL:必须是一个URL
* @Email：必须是email格式
* @NotBlank:字符串不能为空
* @NotEmpty：集合不能为空
* @Length：长度必须在指定范围内
* @Valid：对实体类进行校验
*/
}
3、实体约束示例
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
@Data
public class SysUser {
private Long id;
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
@Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用户名长度为{min}-{max}之间")
private String username;
@NotNull(message = "昵称不能为空")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
private String password;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不合法")
private String email;
private String gender;
}
4、控制层示例
需要在class加上@Validated注解
如果参数时实体，需要加上@Valid注解
import com.smile.project.validator.entity.SysUser;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
@RestController
@Validated
public class SysUserController {
/**
* 方法参数为实体校验
*/
@PostMapping("/register")
public ResponseEntity register(@Valid SysUser sysUser){
return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser);
}
/**
* 方法参数校验
*/
@GetMapping("user")
public ResponseEntity getUser(@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空") String username){
SysUser sysUser = new SysUser();
sysUser.setName("smile");
return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser);
}
}
5、异常捕获
全局异常捕获，当出现参数校验不合法时捕获异常，并且返回给前端
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 全局异常捕获
* 当出翔参数校验不合法时捕获异常，并且返回给前端
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobHandler {
/**
* 捕获方法参数校验异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity constraintViolationExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException e){
Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> message = e.getConstraintViolations();
HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
message.stream().forEach(msg ->{
String path = msg.getPropertyPath().toString();
String field = path.substring(path.indexOf(".")+1);
map.put(field,msg.getMessageTemplate());
});
return ResponseEntity.ok(map);
}
/**
* 捕获实体参数校验异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity resolveMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e){
List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
allErrors.stream().forEach(error -> {
FieldError fieldError = (FieldError) error;
map.put(fieldError.getField(),fieldError.getDefaultMessage());
});
return ResponseEntity.ok(map);
}
}
6、自定义校验规则
特殊的字段需要自定义规则，比如身份证号码，邮箱，电话等
6.1、定义校验注解
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.GenderValidator;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
/**
* 定义校验注解
*/
@Target({METHOD,FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Constraint(validatedBy = GenderValidator.class)
@Documented
public @interface Gender {
String message() default "性别为男或者女";
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload[]>[] payload() default {};
}
6.2、GenderValidator实现ConstraintValidator接口并提供校验规则
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
/**
* 实现ConstraintValidator接口并提供校验规则
*/
public class GenderValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Gender,String> {
//初始化校验值
@Override
public void initialize(Gender constraintAnnotation) {
}
//检验规则
@Override
public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext content) {
return "男".equals(value) || "女".equals(value);
}
}
6.3、在成员变量中使用注解
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
@Data
public class SysUser {
private Long id;
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
@Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用户名长度为{min}-{max}之间")
private String username;
@NotNull(message = "昵称不能为空")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
private String password;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不合法")
private String email;
@Gender()
private String gender;
}
7、分组校验
默认情况下，不指定分组都属于默认组；使用分组校验有利于分层校验开发
7.1、新建两个接口，一个用于查询，一个用于添加
public interface ADD extends Default {
}
public interface Select extends Default {
}
7.2、修改尸体校验规则，如果不指定分组默认时Default组；
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
@Data
public class SysUser {
private Long id;
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空",groups = ADD.class)
@Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用户名长度为{min}-{max}之间")
private String username;
@NotNull(message = "昵称不能为空",groups = Select.class)
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为空",groups = ADD.class)
private String password;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不合法",groups = Select.class)
private String email;
@Gender()
private String gender;
}
7.3、控制层示例，此时只会校验ADD组和Default组
//分组校验
@PostMapping("/user")
public ResponseEntity addUser(@Validated(value = ADD.class) @RequestBody SysUser sysUser){
return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser);
}
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们。
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