SpringCloud基本Rest微服务工程搭建过程

1. 父工程构建

1.1 Maven项目搭建

环境

版本JDK1.8Maven3.6+Maven模板maven-archetype-size删除父工程src文件

1.2 父工程pom文件

回顾：

① Maven中dependencyManagement和dependencies的区别

​ Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供一种管理依赖版本号的方式。通常会在一个组织或者项 目的最顶层的父POM中看到。使用pom.xml中 的dependencyManagement元素能让所有中引用一个依赖而不用显示的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上找，直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目，然后它就会使用这个元素中指定的版本号。另外如果某个子项目需要使用另外的版本只需要声明version即可。注意：dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目要显示的声明需要的依赖。

② Maven中如何跳过单元测试

​ 在Idea的Maven侧栏点击闪电图标，使Maven跳过test生命周期即可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <groupId>com.polaris</groupId>
 <artifactId>com.polaris.springcloud</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <packaging>pom</packaging>

 <modules>

 </modules>

 <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
 <properties>
 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
 <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
 <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
 <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
 <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
 <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
 <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
 <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
 </properties>

 <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
 <dependencyManagement>
 <dependencies>
  <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
  <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
  <type>pom</type>
  <scope>import</scope>
  </dependency>
  <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
  <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
  <type>pom</type>
  <scope>import</scope>
  </dependency>
  <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
  <dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
  <type>pom</type>
  <scope>import</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <version>${mysql.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
  <version>${druid.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>${junit.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
  <version>${log4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <version>${lombok.version}</version>
  <optional>true</optional>
  </dependency>
 </dependencies>
 </dependencyManagement>

 <build>
 <plugins>
  <plugin>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
   <fork>true</fork>
   <addResources>true</addResources>
  </configuration>
  </plugin>
 </plugins>
 </build>

</project>

2. 微服务提供者支付Module模块

cloud-provider-payment8001

2.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <parent>
 <artifactId>com.polaris.springcloud</artifactId>
 <groupId>com.polaris</groupId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 </parent>
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.10</version>
 </dependency>
 <!--mysql-connector-java-->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <!--jdbc-->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
 </dependency>
  <!-- 通用配置 -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>
</project>

2.2 yml配置文件

server:
 port: 8001

spring:
 application:
 name: cloud-payment-service
 datasource:
 type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource  # 当前数据源操作类型
 driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver  # mysql驱动包
 url: jdbc:mysql://mpolaris.top:3306/cloud-test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
 username: root
 password: 123456

mybatis:
 mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
 type-aliases-package: com.polaris.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity别名类所在包

2.3 主启动类

/**
 * @Author polaris
 * @Date 2021/1/21 1:00
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain.class,args);
 }
}

2.4 业务类（简单演示）

建表

entities

主实体 与 Json封装体

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
 private Long id;
 private String serial;

}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
 private Integer code;
 private String message;
 private T data;

 public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
 this(code,message,null);
 }
}

dao

接口PaymentDao与mybatis映射文件PaymentMapper

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

 int save(Payment payment);

 Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >

<mapper namespace="com.polaris.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

 <insert id="save" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
  insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
 </insert>

 <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.polaris.springcloud.entities.Payment">
  <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
  <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
 </resultMap>

 <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
  select * from payment where id=#{id};
 </select>

</mapper>

service

接口与实现类

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
 @Resource
 private PaymentDao paymentDao;

 @Override
 public int save(Payment payment) {
  return paymentDao.save(payment);
 }

 @Override
 public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
  return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
 }
}

controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/payment")
public class PaymentController {
 @Resource
 private PaymentService paymentService;

 @PostMapping("/save")
 public CommonResult save(Payment payment) {
  int result = paymentService.save(payment);
  log.info("===> result: " + result);
  if(result > 0) {
   return new CommonResult(200,"保存到数据库成功",result);
  }
  return new CommonResult(400,"保存到数据库失败",null);
 }

 @GetMapping("/get/{id}")
 public CommonResult<Payment> save(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
  Payment paymentById = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
  log.info("===> payment: " + paymentById);
  if(paymentById != null) {
   return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",paymentById);
  }
  return new CommonResult(400,"查询失败",null);
 }
}

3. 开启Devtools热部署

3.1 聚合父类总工程pom.xml添加配置

<build>
 <plugins>
  <plugin>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   <configuration>
    <fork>true</fork>
    <addResources>true</addResources>
   </configuration>
  </plugin>
 </plugins>
</build>

3.2 当前工程添加devtools依赖

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
 <scope>runtime</scope>
 <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

3.3 Idea开启自动编译选项

3.4 开启热注册

快捷键 ctrl + shift + alt + /，打开Registry

勾选

重启Idea，即可测试代码时不用手动重启

注意：该功能只能在开发阶段使用，上线前一定要关闭

4. 微服务消费者订单Module模块

cloud-consumer-order80

4.1 pom.xml

<dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>

4.2 yml配置文件

server:
  port: 80

4.3 主启动类

4.4 RestTemplate引入

是什么

RestTemplate提供了多种便捷 访问远程Http服务 的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的 客户端模板工具类

如何使用

官网使用：https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴。

• url REST请求地址
• requestMap 请求参数
• ResponseBean.classs HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型

config配置类

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
 @Bean
 public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
  return new RestTemplate();
 }
}

4.5 业务类

entities

与提供者支付模块一致

controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class OrderController {
 @Resource
 private RestTemplate restTemplate;

 private static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

 @GetMapping("/payment/save")
 public CommonResult<Payment> save(Payment payment) {
  return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/save",
    payment,CommonResult.class);
 }

 @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
 public CommonResult<Payment> get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
  return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/" + id,
    CommonResult.class);
 }
}

4.6 启动两个模块测试

启动两个模块没有出现Run Dashbord的问题

在工程目录下找.idea文件夹下的workspace.xml添加如下代码即可

<component name="RunDashboard">
 <option name="configurationTypes">
  <set>
  <option value="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" />
  </set>
 </option>
 <option name="ruleStates">
  <list>
  <RuleState>
   <option name="name" value="ConfigurationTypeDashboardGroupingRule" />
  </RuleState>
  <RuleState>
   <option name="name" value="StatusDashboardGroupingRule" />
  </RuleState>
  </list>
 </option>
</component>

插入成功但是没有内容的问题

解决：支付模块这里一定要加@RequestBody注解

@PostMapping("/save")
public CommonResult save(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
	int result = paymentService.save(payment);
	log.info("===> result: " + result);
	if(result > 0) {
	return new CommonResult(200,"保存到数据库成功",result);
	}
	return new CommonResult(400,"保存到数据库失败",null);
}

5. 工程重构 - 公共工程模块

5.1 发现问题 - 系统中有重复代码 entities

5.2 新建公共工程 cloud-api-common

重复代码，公共接口，第三方接口，工具类等都可以放在这里

pom.xml

Hutool是一个小而全的Java工具类库，是项目中“util”包友好的替代

<dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 <!-- hutool工具类 -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
  <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.0</version>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>

5.3 抽取多个模块的共同代码

将cloud-api-common安装到maven仓库

修改订单80和支付8001代码

• 删除各自原先的enntities
• 各自添加pom内容

<!-- 公共模块 -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>com.polaris</groupId>
 <artifactId>cloud-api-common</artifactId>
 <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>

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