Java多线程 ReentrantReadWriteLock原理及实例详解
读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock概述
读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock,使用它比ReentrantLock效率更高。
读写锁表示两个锁,一个是读操作相关的锁,称为共享锁;另一个是写操作相关的锁,称为排他锁。
1、读和读之间不互斥,因为读操作不会有线程安全问题
2、写和写之间互斥,避免一个写操作影响另外一个写操作,引发线程安全问题
3、读和写之间互斥,避免读操作的时候写操作修改了内容,引发线程安全问题
多个Thread可以同时进行读取操作,但是同一时刻只允许一个Thread进行写入操作。
读操作和读操作共享
请看例子
ThreadDomain44类和main方法
public class ThreadDomain44 extends ReentrantReadWriteLock { public void read() { try { readLock().lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得了读锁, 时间为" + System.currentTimeMillis()); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { readLock().unlock(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { final ThreadDomain44 td = new ThreadDomain44(); Runnable readRunnable = new Runnable() { public void run() { td.read(); } }; Thread t0 = new Thread(readRunnable); Thread t1 = new Thread(readRunnable); t0.start(); t1.start(); } }
输出结果如下
Thread-0获得了读锁, 时间为1564018325618 Thread-1获得了读锁, 时间为1564018325618
尽管加了Thread.sleep(10000);两个线程几乎同时执行lock()后面的方法。说明readLock().lock()允许多个线程执行并且能提高执行效率。
写操作和写操作互斥
请看例子
public class ThreadDomain45 extends ReentrantReadWriteLock { public void write() { try { writeLock().lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得了写锁, 时间为" + new Date()); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { writeLock().unlock(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { final ThreadDomain45 td = new ThreadDomain45(); Runnable readRunnable = new Runnable() { public void run() { td.write(); } }; Thread t0 = new Thread(readRunnable); Thread t1 = new Thread(readRunnable); t0.start(); t1.start(); } }
输出结果
Thread-1获得了写锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 11:26:21 CST 2019 Thread-0获得了写锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 11:26:31 CST 2019
可以看到,后获得锁的Thread-0等待了十秒,说明写和写互斥
读操作和写操作互斥/写操作和读操作互斥
例子如下
public class ThreadDomain46 extends ReentrantReadWriteLock { public void write() { try { writeLock().lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得了写锁, 时间为" + new Date()); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { writeLock().unlock(); } } public void read() { try { readLock().lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得了读锁, 时间为" + new Date()); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { readLock().unlock(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { final ThreadDomain46 td = new ThreadDomain46(); Runnable readRunnable = new Runnable() { public void run() { td.read(); } }; Runnable writeRunnable = new Runnable() { public void run() { td.write(); } }; Thread t0 = new Thread(readRunnable); Thread t1 = new Thread(writeRunnable); t0.start(); t1.start(); } }
输出结果如下
Thread-0获得了读锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 11:49:15 CST 2019 Thread-1获得了写锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 11:49:26 CST 2019
可以看到Thread-0获得读锁执行完10s后Thread-1才获得了写锁,说明读操作和写操作互斥。
另一种输出结果如下
Thread-1获得了写锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 14:14:07 CST 2019 Thread-0获得了读锁, 时间为Tue Jul 30 14:14:17 CST 2019
可以看到Thread-1获得写锁执行完10s后Thread-0才获得了读锁,说明写操作和读操作互斥。
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