Python http接口自动化测试框架实现方法示例

本文实例讲述了Python http接口自动化测试框架实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）

1、测试框架代码

#****************************************************************
# TestFrame.py
# Author   : Vince
# Version  : 1.1.2
# Date    : 2011-3-14
# Description: 自动化测试平台
#****************************************************************
import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time
from xml2dict import XML2Dict
import win32com.client
from win32com.client import Dispatch
import xml.etree.ElementTree as et
#import MySQLdb
#Excel表格中测试结果底色
OK_COLOR=0xffffff
NG_COLOR=0xff
#NT_COLOR=0xffff
NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0
#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置
TESTTIME=[1, 14]
TESTRESULT=[2, 14]
#Excel模版设置
#self.titleindex=3    #Excel中测试用例标题行索引
#self.casebegin =4    #Excel中测试用例开始行索引
#self.argbegin  =3    #Excel中参数开始列索引
#self.argcount =8    #Excel中支持的参数个数
class create_excel:
  def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8):
    self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application')  #MS:Excel WPS:et
    try:
      self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)
    except:
      print_error_info()
      print "打开文件失败"
      exit()
    self.file=sFile
    self.titleindex=dtitleindex
    self.casebegin=dcasebegin
    self.argbegin=dargbegin
    self.argcount=dargcount
    self.allresult=[]
    self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount
    self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1
    self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1
  def close(self):
    #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)
    self.book.Save()
    self.book.Close()
    #self.xlApp.Quit()
    del self.xlApp
  def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):
    try:
      sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
      sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)
    except:
      self.close()
      print('读取数据失败')
      exit()
    #去除'.0'
    if sValue[-2:]=='.0':
      sValue = sValue[0:-2]
    return sValue
  def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):
    try:
      sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
      sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")
      sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color
      self.book.Save()
    except:
      self.close()
      print('写入数据失败')
      exit()
  #获取用例个数
  def get_ncase(self, iSheet):
    try:
      return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1
    except:
      self.close()
      print('获取Case个数失败')
      exit()
  def get_nrows(self, iSheet):
    try:
      sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
      return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count
    except:
      self.close()
      print('获取nrows失败')
      exit()
  def get_ncols(self, iSheet):
    try:
      sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
      return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count
    except:
      self.close()
      print('获取ncols失败')
      exit()
  def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):
    try:
      #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来
      nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1
      ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1
      begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount
      #提升性能
      sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)
      for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):
        for col in range(begincol, ncols):
          str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)
          #清除实际结果[]
          startpos = str.find('[')
          if startpos>0:
            str = str[0:startpos].strip()
            self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)
          else:
            #提升性能
            sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR
        #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT
        self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR)
        self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)
    except:
      self.close()
      print('清除数据失败')
      exit()
#执行调用
def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url):
  conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)
  conn.request("GET", url)
  rsps = conn.getresponse()
  data = rsps.read()
  conn.close()
  return data
#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]
def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):
  caseinfolist=[]
  sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)
  argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))
  #获取参数名存入ArgNameList
  ArgNameList=[]
  for i in range(0, argcount):
    ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))
  caseinfolist.append(sInterface)
  caseinfolist.append(argcount)
  caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)
  return caseinfolist
#获取输入
def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):
  sArge=''
  #参数组合
  for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):
    if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None":
      sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'
  #去掉结尾的&字符
  if sArge[-1:]=='&':
    sArge = sArge[0:-1]
  sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge  #组合全部参数
  return sInput
#结果判断
def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):
  sReal=str(sReal)
  sExpect=str(sExpect)
  if sReal==sExpect:
    return 'OK'
  else:
    return 'NG'
#将测试结果写入文件
def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):
  if len(result)>1:
    ret='OK'
    for i in range(0, len(result)):
      if result[i]=='NG':
        ret='NG'
        break
    if ret=='NG':
      Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)
    else:
      Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)
    Data.allresult.append(ret)
  else:
    if result[0]=='NG':
      Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)
    elif result[0]=='OK':
      Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)
    else: #NT
      Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)
    Data.allresult.append(result[0])
  #将当前结果立即打印
  print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]
#打印测试结果
def statisticresult(excelobj):
  allresultlist=excelobj.allresult
  count=[0, 0, 0]
  for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):
    #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]
    count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])
  print 'Statistic result as follow:'
  print 'OK:', count[0]
  print 'NG:', count[1]
  print 'NT:', count[2]
#解析XmlString返回Dict
def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):
  xml = XML2Dict()
  return xml.fromstring(xml_string)
#解析XmlFile返回Dict
def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):
  xml = XML2Dict()
  return xml.parse(xml_file)
#去除历史数据expect[real]
def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):
  startpos = str.find('[')
  if startpos>0:
    str = str[0:startpos].strip()
    excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)
  return str
#检查每个item （非结构体）
def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):
  ret='OK'
  for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):
    real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']
    expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)
    #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]
    #将return NG
    result=assert_result(real, expect)
    if result=='NG':
      writestr=expect+'['+real+']'
      excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)
      ret='NG'
  return ret
#检查结构体类型
def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):
  ret='OK'
  if structcount>1: #传入的是List
    for structid in range(0, structcount):
      structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]
      temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))
      if temp=='NG':
        ret='NG'
  else: #传入的是Dict
    temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)
    if temp=='NG':
      ret='NG'
  return ret
#获取异常函数及行号
def print_error_info():
  """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
  try:
    raise Exception
  except:
    f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
  print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)
#测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现
def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):
  calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],
             'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],
             'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}
  return calculation[flag]()

2、项目测试代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#****************************************************************
# xxx_server_case.py
# Author   : Vince
# Version  : 1.0
# Date    : 2011-3-10
# Description: 内容服务系统测试代码
#****************************************************************
from testframe import *
from common_lib import *
httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'
expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/'
realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/'
def run(interface_name, suiteid):
  print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...'
  global expectXmldir, realXmldir
  #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录
  expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name
  realDir=realXmldir+interface_name
  if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0:
    os.makedirs(expectDir)
  if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0:
    os.makedirs(realDir)
  excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据
  casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数
  caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息
  #遍历执行case
  for caseid in range(0, casecount):
    #检查是否执行该Case
    if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':
      write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT')
      continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case
    #获取测试数据
    sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)
    XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput)   #执行调用
    #获取返回码并比较
    result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text
    ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol)
    #保存预期结果文件
    expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'
    #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString)
    #保存实际结果文件
    realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'
    saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString)
    #比较预期结果和实际结果
    ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath)
    #写测试结果
    write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2)
  print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'

3、测试入口

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#****************************************************************
# main.py
# Author   : Vince
# Version  : 1.0
# Date    : 2011-3-16
# Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口
#****************************************************************
from testframe import *
from xxx_server_case import *
import xxx_server_case
#产品系统接口测试
#设置测试环境
xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/xxx_Testcase.xls')
xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'
#Add testsuite begin
run("xxx_book_list", 4)
#Add other suite from here
#Add testsuite end
statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)
xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()

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