python爬取微信公众号文章的方法

最近在学习Python3网络爬虫开发实践（崔庆才 著）刚好也学习到他使用代理爬取公众号文章这里，但是照着他的代码写，出现了一些问题。在这里我用到了这本书的前面讲的一些内容进行了完善。（作者写这个代码已经是半年前的事了，但腾讯的网站在这半年前进行了更新）

下面我直接上代码：

TIMEOUT = 20
from requests import Request, Session, PreparedRequest
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import pymysql

# 要爬取的内容
keyword = '美女图片'
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 设置中文
options.add_argument('lang=zh_CN.UTF-8')
# 更换头部
options.add_argument(
 'user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
REDIS_HOST = '192.168.1.248'
REDIS_PORT = 6379
REDIS_PASSWORD = '*****'
REDIS_KEY = 'requests'
PROXY_POOL_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/random'
MAX_FAILED_TIME = 5

MYSQL_HOST = 'localhost'
MYSQL_PORT = 3306
MYSQL_USER = 'moxiao'
MYSQL_PASSWORD = '******'

class mysqlConn():
 def __init__(self, host=MYSQL_HOST, username=MYSQL_USER, password=MYSQL_PASSWORD, port=MYSQL_PORT):
  """
  mysql 初始化
  :param host:
  :param username:
  :param password:
  :param port:
  """
  try:
   self.db = pymysql.Connection(host=host, user=username, password=password,
           database='weixin_data', port=port)
   self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
  except pymysql.MySQLError as e:
   print(e.args)

 def insert(self, table, data):
  keys = ', '.join(data.keys())
  values = ', '.join(['%s'] * len(data))
  sql = 'insert into %s (%s) values (%s)' % (table, keys, values)
  try:
   self.cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values()))
   self.db.commit()
  except pymysql.MySQLError as e:
   print(e.args)
   self.db.rollback()

class WeixinRequest(Request):
 def __init__(self, url, callback, method="GET", headers=None, need_proxy=False, fail_time=0, timeout=TIMEOUT):
  super(WeixinRequest, self).__init__(url=url, method=method, headers=headers)
  self.callback = callback
  self.need_proxy = need_proxy
  self.fail_time = fail_time
  self.timeout = timeout

 def prepare(self):
  p = PreparedRequest()
  p.prepare(
   method=self.method,
   url=self.url,
   headers=self.headers,
  )
  return p

class WeixinResponse():

 def __init__(self, text):
  self.text = text

 def set_status_code(self, status_code):
  self.status_code = status_code

import pickle
from redis import StrictRedis

class RedisQueue():
 def __init__(self):
  """
   初始化redis
  """
  self.db = StrictRedis(host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD, db=3)

 def add(self, request):
  """
   向队列添加序列化后的Request
  :param request:请求对象
  :return:添加结果
  """
  if isinstance(request, WeixinRequest):
   return self.db.rpush(REDIS_KEY, pickle.dumps(request))
  return False

 def pop(self):
  """
   取出下一个request并反序列化
  :return: Request 或者 None
  """
  if self.db.llen(REDIS_KEY):
   return pickle.loads(self.db.lpop(REDIS_KEY))
  return False

 def empty(self):
  return self.db.llen(REDIS_KEY) == 0

 def del_all(self):
  return self.db.delete(REDIS_KEY)

 def get_proxy(self):
  """
   从代理池获取代理IP
  :return:
  """
  try:
   response = requests.get(PROXY_POOL_URL)
   if response.status_code == 200:
    print('get Proxy', response.text)
    return response.text
  except requests.ConnectionError:
   return None

from urllib.parse import urlencode
from requests import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

VALD_STATUES = [200]

class Spider():
 base_url = 'http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?'
 # 这里的page可以修改，即第几页，我本来想获取所有的个数再除以10 这样就能爬完了，但是我只是测试所以这里并没有做
 # 但如果需要做可以加到schedule方法的while循环内的最下面 即self.params['page']+=1
 params = {'type': 2, 's_from': 'input', 'query': keyword, 'page': 1, 'ie': 'utf8', '_sug_': 'n',
    '_sug_type_': ''}
 headers = {'Host': 'weixin.sogou.com',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Referer': 'http: // weixin.sogou.com /',
    'Cookie': '你的cookie'} # TODO 不可能把我的给你撒
 session = Session()
 queue = RedisQueue()
 queue.del_all()
 mysql = mysqlConn()

 def start(self):
  """
   初始化工作
  :return:
  """
  # 全局更新headers
  # 如果你试过用这个方法修改headers，那么就知道这个在这里好像没什么用，我在这里浪费了至少两个小时
  self.session.headers.update(self.headers)
  start_url = self.base_url + urlencode(self.params)
  # 这里我将need_proxy=False设为了False 即并没有使用代理 ps：我也就是测试一下
  # 真正修改了headers是在这里
  weixin_request = WeixinRequest(url=start_url, callback=self.parse_index, headers=self.headers, need_proxy=False)
  # 调度第一个请求
  self.queue.add(weixin_request)

 def schedule(self):
  """
   调度请求
  :return:
  """
  while not self.queue.empty():
   weixin_request = self.queue.pop()
   callback = weixin_request.callback
   print('Schedule', weixin_request.url)
   response = self.request(weixin_request)
   if response and response.status_code in VALD_STATUES:
    results = list(callback(response))
    if results:
     for result in results:
      print('New Result', result)
      if isinstance(result, WeixinRequest):
       # 将新的文章详情的url也加入队列
       self.queue.add(result)
      if isinstance(result, dict):
       # 储存到mysql
       self.mysql.insert('articles', result)
    else:
     self.error(weixin_request)
   else:
    self.error(weixin_request)

 def request(self, weixin_request):
  """
   执行请求
  :param weixin_request:请求
  :return: 响应
  """
  if not 'http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src' in weixin_request.url:
   try:
    if weixin_request.need_proxy:
     proxy = self.queue.get_proxy()
     if proxy:
      proxies = {
       'http': 'http://' + proxy,
       'https': 'https://' + proxy
      }
      return self.session.send(weixin_request.prepare(),
             timeout=weixin_request.timeout, allow_redirects=False, proxies=proxies)
    return self.session.send(weixin_request.prepare(), timeout=weixin_request.timeout,
           allow_redirects=False)
   except (ConnectionError, ReadTimeout) as e:
    print(e.args)
    return False
  else:
   print('-' * 20)
   browser.get(weixin_request.url)
   try:
    browser.find_element_by_class_name('rich_media_area_primary_inner')
    wr = WeixinResponse(browser.page_source)
    wr.set_status_code(200)
    return wr
   except NoSuchElementException:
    wr = WeixinResponse('')
    wr.set_status_code(403)
    return wr

 def parse_index(self, response):
  """
   解析索引页
  :param response: 响应
  :return: 新的响应
  """
  doc = pq(response.text)
  items = doc('.news-box .news-list li .txt-box h3 a').items()
  for item in items:
   url = item.attr('href')
   weixin_request = WeixinRequest(url=url, callback=self.parse_detail)
   yield weixin_request

 def parse_detail(self, response):
  """
   解析详情页
  :param response: 响应
  :return: 微信公众号文章
  """
  doc = pq(response.text)
  profile_inner = doc('.profile_inner')
  data = {
   'title': doc('.rich_media_title').text(),
   'content': doc('.rich_media_content').text(),
   'date': doc('#publish_time').text(),
   # 'nickname':doc('#js_profile_qrcode > div > strong').text(),
   'nickname': profile_inner.find('.profile_nickname').text(),
   'wechat':
    [ns for ns in profile_inner.find('.profile_meta').find('.profile_meta_value').items()][
     0].text()
  }
  # 储存图片
  print('#' * 30)
  soup = bs(response.text)
  wn = soup.find_all('img')
  for img in wn:
   if img.has_attr('_width') and img.has_attr('data-src'):
    print(img.attrs['data-src'])
  yield data

 def error(self, weixin_request):
  """
   错误处理
  :param weixin_request:请求
  :return:
  """
  weixin_request.fail_time = weixin_request.fail_time + 1
  print('Request Failed', weixin_request.fail_time, 'Times', weixin_request.url)
  if weixin_request.fail_time < MAX_FAILED_TIME:
   self.queue.add(weixin_request)

 def run(self):
  self.start()
  self.schedule()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 spider = Spider()
 spider.run()

2018-10-6更新：

今天测试之后使用了cookie并不能登录这个网站了，也许是腾讯使用了新的安全验证，具体也无从得知，但使用浏览器访问没有问题

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