Java ThreadPoolExecutor的参数深入理解

Java ThreadPoolExecutor的参数深入理解

一、使用Executors创建线程池   

之前创建线程的时候都是用的Executors的newFixedThreadPool(),newSingleThreadExecutor(),newCachedThreadPool()这三个方法。当然Executors也是用不同的参数去new ThreadPoolExecutor

    1. newFixedThreadPool()

创建线程数固定大小的线程池。 由于使用了LinkedBlockingQueue所以maximumPoolSize 没用，当corePoolSize满了之后就加入到LinkedBlockingQueue队列中。每当某个线程执行完成之后就从LinkedBlockingQueue队列中取一个。所以这个是创建固定大小的线程池。

 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                   0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                   new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
  }
 public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
               int maximumPoolSize,
               long keepAliveTime,
               TimeUnit unit,
               BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
   this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
       Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
  }

   2.newSingleThreadPool()

创建线程数为1的线程池，由于使用了LinkedBlockingQueue所以maximumPoolSize 没用，corePoolSize为1表示线程数大小为1,满了就放入队列中，执行完了就从队列取一个。

 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
      (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
  }

    3.newCachedThreadPool()

创建可缓冲的线程池。没有大小限制。由于corePoolSize为0所以任务会放入SynchronousQueue队列中，SynchronousQueue只能存放大小为1，所以会立刻新起线程，由于maxumumPoolSize为Integer.MAX_VALUE所以可以认为大小为2147483647。受内存大小限制。

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                   60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                   new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
  }
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
             int maximumPoolSize,
             long keepAliveTime,
             TimeUnit unit,
             BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
    this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
       Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
  }

二、使用ThreadPoolExecutor创建线程池

ThreadPoolExecutor的构造函数

 public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
               int maximumPoolSize,
               long keepAliveTime,
               TimeUnit unit,
               BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
               ThreadFactory threadFactory,
               RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
      maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
      maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
      keepAliveTime < 0)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
      throw new NullPointerException();
    this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
    this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
    this.workQueue = workQueue;
    this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
    this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
    this.handler = handler;
  }

参数：

1、corePoolSize核心线程数大小，当线程数<corePoolSize ，会创建线程执行runnable

2、maximumPoolSize 最大线程数， 当线程数 >= corePoolSize的时候，会把runnable放入workQueue中

3、keepAliveTime  保持存活时间，当线程数大于corePoolSize的空闲线程能保持的最大时间。

4、unit 时间单位

5、workQueue 保存任务的阻塞队列

6、threadFactory 创建线程的工厂

7、handler 拒绝策略

任务执行顺序：

1、当线程数小于corePoolSize时，创建线程执行任务。

2、当线程数大于等于corePoolSize并且workQueue没有满时，放入workQueue中

3、线程数大于等于corePoolSize并且当workQueue满时，新任务新建线程运行，线程总数要小于maximumPoolSize

4、当线程总数等于maximumPoolSize并且workQueue满了的时候执行handler的rejectedExecution。也就是拒绝策略。

ThreadPoolExecutor默认有四个拒绝策略：

1、ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()   直接抛出异常RejectedExecutionException

2、ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()    直接调用run方法并且阻塞执行

3、ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()   直接丢弃后来的任务

4、ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()  丢弃在队列中队首的任务

当然可以自己继承RejectedExecutionHandler来写拒绝策略.

int corePoolSize = 1;
 int maximumPoolSize = 2;
 int keepAliveTime = 10;
// BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
 BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5);
 ThreadFactory threadFactory = Executors.defaultThreadFactory();
 //线程池和队列满了之后的处理方式
 //1.跑出异常
 RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();
 RejectedExecutionHandler handler2 = new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();
 RejectedExecutionHandler handler3 = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy();
 RejectedExecutionHandler handler4 = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();

 ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, workQueue, threadFactory, handler2);

 for (int j = 1; j < 15; j++) {
  threadPoolExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {

  public void run() {

   try {
   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
   TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }

  }
  });
 }

 System.out.println(threadPoolExecutor);

 }

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