SpringBoot实现接口数据的加解密功能

一、加密方案介绍

对接口的加密解密操作主要有下面两种方式：

自定义消息转换器

优势：仅需实现接口，配置简单。
劣势：仅能对同一类型的MediaType进行加解密操作，不灵活。

使用spring提供的接口RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
优势：可以按照请求的Referrer、Header或url进行判断，按照特定需要进行加密解密。

比如在一个项目升级的时候，新开发功能的接口需要加解密，老功能模块走之前的逻辑不加密，这时候就只能选择上面的第二种方式了，下面主要介绍下第二种方式加密、解密的过程。

二、实现原理

RequestBodyAdvice可以理解为在@RequestBody之前需要进行的 操作，ResponseBodyAdvice可以理解为在@ResponseBody之后进行的操作，所以当接口需要加解密时，在使用@RequestBody接收前台参数之前可以先在RequestBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的解密，当操作结束需要返回数据时，可以在@ResponseBody之后进入ResponseBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的加密。

RequestBodyAdvice处理请求的过程：

RequestBodyAdvice源码如下：

public interface RequestBodyAdvice {
 boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType,
   Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
 HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
   Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException;
 Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
   Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
 @Nullable
 Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
   Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
}

调用RequestBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下：

protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
   Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
  MediaType contentType;
  boolean noContentType = false;
  try {
   contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
  }
  catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) {
   throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage());
  }
  if (contentType == null) {
   noContentType = true;
   contentType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
  }
  Class<?> contextClass = parameter.getContainingClass();
  Class<T> targetClass = (targetType instanceof Class ? (Class<T>) targetType : null);
  if (targetClass == null) {
   ResolvableType resolvableType = ResolvableType.forMethodParameter(parameter);
   targetClass = (Class<T>) resolvableType.resolve();
  }
  HttpMethod httpMethod = (inputMessage instanceof HttpRequest ? ((HttpRequest) inputMessage).getMethod() : null);
  Object body = NO_VALUE;
  EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage message;
  try {
   message = new EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);
   for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
    Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass();
    GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter =
      (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
    if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
      (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {
     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Read [" + targetType + "] as \"" + contentType + "\" with [" + converter + "]");
     }
     if (message.hasBody()) {
      HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
        getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
      body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
        ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
      body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
     }
     else {
      body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
     }
     break;
    }
   }
  }
  catch (IOException ex) {
   throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("I/O error while reading input message", ex);
  }
  if (body == NO_VALUE) {
   if (httpMethod == null || !SUPPORTED_METHODS.contains(httpMethod) ||
     (noContentType && !message.hasBody())) {
    return null;
   }
   throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
  }
  return body;
 }

从上面源码可以到当converter.canRead()和message.hasBody()都为true的时候，会调用beforeBodyRead()和afterBodyRead()方法，所以我们在实现类的afterBodyRead()中添加解密代码即可。

ResponseBodyAdvice处理响应的过程：

ResponseBodyAdvice源码如下：

public interface ResponseBodyAdvice<T> {
 boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
 @Nullable
 T beforeBodyWrite(@Nullable T body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,
   Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType,
   ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response);
}

调用ResponseBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下：

if (selectedMediaType != null) {
   selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
   for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
    GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter =
      (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
    if (genericConverter != null ?
      ((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
      converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
     outputValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(outputValue, returnType, selectedMediaType,
       (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(),
       inputMessage, outputMessage);
     if (outputValue != null) {
      addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
      if (genericConverter != null) {
       genericConverter.write(outputValue, declaredType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
      }
      else {
       ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(outputValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
      }
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
       logger.debug("Written [" + outputValue + "] as \"" + selectedMediaType +
         "\" using [" + converter + "]");
      }
     }
     return;
    }
   }
  }

从上面源码可以到当converter.canWrite()为true的时候，会调用beforeBodyWrite()方法，所以我们在实现类的beforeBodyWrite()中添加解密代码即可。

三、实战

新建一个spring boot项目spring-boot-encry，按照下面步骤操作。

pom.xml中引入jar

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
   <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
   <optional>true</optional>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
   <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
   <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
   <version>1.2.60</version>
  </dependency>
 </dependencies>

请求参数解密拦截类

DecryptRequestBodyAdvice代码如下：

/**
 * 请求参数 解密操作
 * * @Author: Java碎碎念
 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31
 *
 */
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")
@Slf4j
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
 @Override
 public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
  return true;
 }
 @Override
 public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType) throws IOException {
  return inputMessage;
 }
 @Override
 public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
  String dealData = null;
  try {
   //解密操作
   Map<String,String> dataMap = (Map)body;
   String srcData = dataMap.get("data");
   dealData = DesUtil.decrypt(srcData);
  } catch (Exception e) {
   log.error("异常！", e);
  }
  return dealData;
 }
 @Override
 public Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object var1, HttpInputMessage var2, MethodParameter var3, Type var4, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> var5) {
  log.info("3333");
  return var1;
 }
}

响应参数加密拦截类

EncryResponseBodyAdvice代码如下：

/**
 * 请求参数 解密操作
 *
 * @Author: Java碎碎念
 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31
 *
 */
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")
@Slf4j
public class EncryResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
 @Override
 public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
  return true;
 }
 @Override
 public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object obj, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,
         Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest,
         ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
  //通过 ServerHttpRequest的实现类ServletServerHttpRequest 获得HttpServletRequest
  ServletServerHttpRequest sshr = (ServletServerHttpRequest) serverHttpRequest;
  //此处获取到request 是为了取到在拦截器里面设置的一个对象 是我项目需要,可以忽略
  HttpServletRequest request = sshr.getServletRequest();
  String returnStr = "";
  try {
   //添加encry header，告诉前端数据已加密
   serverHttpResponse.getHeaders().add("encry", "true");
   String srcData = JSON.toJSONString(obj);
   //加密
   returnStr = DesUtil.encrypt(srcData);
   log.info("接口={},原始数据={},加密后数据={}", request.getRequestURI(), srcData, returnStr);
  } catch (Exception e) {
   log.error("异常！", e);
  }
  return returnStr;
 }

新建controller类

TestController代码如下：

/** * @Author: Java碎碎念
 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:40
 */
@RestController
public class TestController {
 Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
 /**
  * 响应数据 加密
  */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/sendResponseEncryData")
 public Result sendResponseEncryData() {
  Result result = Result.createResult().setSuccess(true);
  result.setDataValue("name", "Java碎碎念");
  result.setDataValue("encry", true);
  return result;
 }
 /**
  * 获取 解密后的 请求参数
  */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/getRequestData")
 public Result getRequestData(@RequestBody Object object) {
  log.info("controller接收的参数object={}", object.toString());
  Result result = Result.createResult().setSuccess(true);
  return result;
 }
}

其他类在源码中，后面有github地址

四、测试

访问响应数据加密接口

使用postman发请求http://localhost:8888/sendResponseEncryData，可以看到返回数据已加密，请求截图如下：

响应数据加密截图

后台也打印相关的日志，内容如下：

接口=/sendResponseEncryData

原始数据={"data":{"encry":true,"name":"Java碎碎念"},"success":true}

加密后数据=vJc26g3SQRU9gAJdG7rhnAx6Ky/IhgioAgdwi6aLMMtyynAB4nEbMxvDsKEPNIa5bQaT7ZAImAL7

3VeicCuSTA==

访问请求数据解密接口

使用postman发请求http://localhost:8888/getRequestData，可以看到请求数据已解密，请求截图如下：

请求数据解密截图

后台也打印相关的日志，内容如下：

接收到原始请求数据={"data":"VwLvdE8N6FuSxn/jRrJavATopaBA3M1QEN+9bkuf2jPwC1eSofgahQ=="}

解密后数据={"name":"Java碎碎念","des":"请求参数"}

五、踩到的坑

测试解密请求参数时候，请求体一定要有数据，否则不会调用实现类触发解密操作。

到此SpringBoot中如何灵活的实现接口数据的加解密功能的功能已经全部实现，有问题欢迎留言沟通哦！

完整源码地址： https://github.com/suisui2019/springboot-study

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的SpringBoot实现接口数据的加解密功能,希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对我们网站的支持！
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