python opencv肤色检测的实现示例

1 椭圆肤色检测模型

原理：将RGB图像转换到YCRCB空间，肤色像素点会聚集到一个椭圆区域。先定义一个椭圆模型，然后将每个RGB像素点转换到YCRCB空间比对是否再椭圆区域，是的话判断为皮肤。

YCRCB颜色空间

椭圆模型

代码

def ellipse_detect(image):
  """
  :param image: 图片路径
  :return: None
  """
  img = cv2.imread(image,cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
  skinCrCbHist = np.zeros((256,256), dtype= np.uint8 )
  cv2.ellipse(skinCrCbHist ,(113,155),(23,15),43,0, 360, (255,255,255),-1)

  YCRCB = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2YCR_CB)
  (y,cr,cb)= cv2.split(YCRCB)
  skin = np.zeros(cr.shape, dtype=np.uint8)
  (x,y)= cr.shape
  for i in range(0,x):
    for j in range(0,y):
      CR= YCRCB[i,j,1]
      CB= YCRCB[i,j,2]
      if skinCrCbHist [CR,CB]>0:
        skin[i,j]= 255
  cv2.namedWindow(image, cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image, img)
  dst = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask= skin)
  cv2.namedWindow("cutout", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("cutout",dst)
  cv2.waitKey()

效果

2 YCrCb颜色空间的Cr分量+Otsu法阈值分割算法

原理

针对YCRCB中CR分量的处理，将RGB转换为YCRCB，对CR通道单独进行otsu处理，otsu方法opencv里用threshold

代码

def cr_otsu(image):
  """YCrCb颜色空间的Cr分量+Otsu阈值分割
  :param image: 图片路径
  :return: None
  """
  img = cv2.imread(image, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
  ycrcb = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2YCR_CB)

  (y, cr, cb) = cv2.split(ycrcb)
  cr1 = cv2.GaussianBlur(cr, (5, 5), 0)
  _, skin = cv2.threshold(cr1,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

  cv2.namedWindow("image raw", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("image raw", img)
  cv2.namedWindow("image CR", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("image CR", cr1)
  cv2.namedWindow("Skin Cr+OTSU", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("Skin Cr+OTSU", skin)

  dst = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=skin)
  cv2.namedWindow("seperate", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("seperate", dst)
  cv2.waitKey()

效果

3 基于YCrCb颜色空间Cr, Cb范围筛选法

原理

类似于第二种方法，只不过是对CR和CB两个通道综合考虑

代码

def crcb_range_sceening(image):
  """
  :param image: 图片路径
  :return: None
  """
  img = cv2.imread(image,cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
  ycrcb=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2YCR_CB)
  (y,cr,cb)= cv2.split(ycrcb)

  skin = np.zeros(cr.shape,dtype= np.uint8)
  (x,y)= cr.shape
  for i in range(0,x):
    for j in range(0,y):
      if (cr[i][j]>140)and(cr[i][j])<175 and (cr[i][j]>100) and (cb[i][j])<120:
        skin[i][j]= 255
      else:
        skin[i][j] = 0
  cv2.namedWindow(image,cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image,img)
  cv2.namedWindow(image+"skin2 cr+cb",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image+"skin2 cr+cb",skin)

  dst = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=skin)
  cv2.namedWindow("cutout",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("cutout",dst)

  cv2.waitKey()

效果

4 HSV颜色空间H,S,V范围筛选法

原理

还是转换空间然后每个通道设置一个阈值综合考虑，进行二值化操作。

代码

def hsv_detect(image):
  """
  :param image: 图片路径
  :return: None
  """
  img = cv2.imread(image,cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
  hsv=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
  (_h,_s,_v)= cv2.split(hsv)
  skin= np.zeros(_h.shape,dtype=np.uint8)
  (x,y)= _h.shape

  for i in range(0,x):
    for j in range(0,y):
      if(_h[i][j]>7) and (_h[i][j]<20) and (_s[i][j]>28) and (_s[i][j]<255) and (_v[i][j]>50 ) and (_v[i][j]<255):
        skin[i][j] = 255
      else:
        skin[i][j] = 0
  cv2.namedWindow(image, cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image, img)
  cv2.namedWindow(image + "hsv", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image + "hsv", skin)
  dst = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=skin)
  cv2.namedWindow("cutout", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("cutout", dst)
  cv2.waitKey()

效果

示例

import cv2
import numpy as np

def ellipse_detect(image):
  """
  :param image: img path
  :return: None
  """
  img = cv2.imread(image, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
  skinCrCbHist = np.zeros((256, 256), dtype=np.uint8)
  cv2.ellipse(skinCrCbHist, (113, 155), (23, 15), 43, 0, 360, (255, 255, 255), -1)

  YCRCB = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2YCR_CB)
  (y, cr, cb) = cv2.split(YCRCB)
  skin = np.zeros(cr.shape, dtype=np.uint8)
  (x, y) = cr.shape
  for i in range(0, x):
    for j in range(0, y):
      CR = YCRCB[i, j, 1]
      CB = YCRCB[i, j, 2]
      if skinCrCbHist[CR, CB] > 0:
        skin[i, j] = 255
  cv2.namedWindow(image, cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow(image, img)
  dst = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=skin)
  cv2.namedWindow("cutout", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
  cv2.imshow("cutout", dst)
  cv2.waitKey()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  ellipse_detect('./test.png')

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