Django 导出 Excel 代码的实例详解

这篇技术贴讲怎样在Django的框架下导出Excel， 最开始打算用ajax post data 过去，但是发现不行，所以改用了get的方式。如果只有一个id(pk)那用get的方式很简单就可以访问对应的view section，但是如果是多个ids，我用的是session，大家还有其他好的例子吗？希望一起讨论。

Python3.5 Django 1.10, sqlite3, windows 10

1. virtualenv export_excel  <--- create a virtualenv for django

2. cd export_excel   <--- Go into the export_excel folder

3. Script\active <--- activate env environment.

once activate the environment, in the windows would be liked as above.

4. pip install django.

5. pip install django-bootstrap3. <-- bootstrap3 for django.

6. pip install xlsxwriter.  <-- this uses for excel export.(用xlsxwriter 这个Python 库)

1. urls.py

"""export_excel URL Configuration 

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
  https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
  1. Add an import: from my_app import views
  2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
  1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
  2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
  1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
  2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.generic import ListView 

from .models import ExcelDemoData
from . import views 

urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  url(r'^$', ListView.as_view(queryset = ExcelDemoData.objects.all().defer('id', 'part_number').order_by('id')[:100], template_name="part_num_list.html"), name = 'home'),
  url(r'^demo/exportall/$', views.export_all_to_excel, name = 'export_all_to_excel'),
]

2. views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse, Http404
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponse 

from .models import ExcelDemoData
from .forms import ExcelDemoForm
from .excel_utils import WriteToExcel 

from . import attrs_override as attr 

def export_sig_to_excel(request, pk): 

  if request.method == 'GET':
    demo_list = []
    try:
      demo_row = ExcelDemoData.objects.get(pk = pk)
    except ExcelDemoData.DoesNotExist:
      messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR, 'the Part Number: [%s] does not exist in database.' % str(pk))
    else:
      demo_list.append(demo_row) 

    response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/ms-excel')
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=ExcelDemoData_%s.xlsx' % demo_row.demo_row_part_number
    xlsx_data = WriteToExcel(demo_list)
    response.write(xlsx_data)
    return response 

def export_all_to_excel(request):
  if request.method == 'GET':
    if 'store_modi_id' in request.session:
       messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR, 'The Part Number have been lost, please re-search them.')
       return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('home')) 

    demo_list = []
    pn_id_list = request.session['searched_sb_list'] #<--- the session will be created when a list page was created.
    for id in pn_id_list:
      try:
        demo_row = ExcelDemoData.objects.get(pk = id)
      except SmartBuy.DoesNotExist:
        messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR, 'the Part Number does not exist in database.' )
      else:
        demo_list.append(demo_row) 

    response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/ms-excel')
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=ExcelDemoData_%s.xlsx' % attr.get_current_timestamp()
    xlsx_data = WriteToExcel(demo_list)
    response.write(xlsx_data)
    return response

3. models.py

from django.db import models 

# Create your models here.
class ExcelDemoData(models.Model): 

  # ---- this is ExcelDemoData scope ----
  demo_qty = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank = True, null=True)
  demo_part_number = models.CharField(max_length = 20, blank = True, null=True) # smart buy part number cannot be empty.
  demo_nonfio_sku = models.CharField(max_length = 200, blank = True, null=True)
  demo_desc = models.CharField(max_length = 500, blank = True, null=True)
  demo_cost = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, blank = True, null=True)
  demo_ex_cost = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, blank = True, null=True)
  demo_msrp = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, blank = True, null=True)
  demo_ex_msrp = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, blank = True, null=True) 

  def __str__(self):
    return str(self.pk) + ' Part Number: ' + self.demo_part_number

4. forms.py

from django import forms
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from .models import ExcelDemoData 

from .attrs_override import * 

class ExcelDemoForm(forms.ModelForm): 

  class Meta:
    model = <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ExcelDemoData</span> 

    widgets = {
      # ----- Smart ------
      'demo_qty': forms.NumberInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_part_number': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_nonfio_sku': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_desc': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': SELECT_CSS}),
      'demo_cost': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_ex_cost': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_msrp': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
      'demo_ex_msrp': forms.TextInput(attrs = {'class': INPUT_CSS}),
    } 

    labels = {
      # ----- Smart ------
      'demo_qty': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + QTY_TXT),
      'demo_part_number': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + PART_NUM_TXT),
      'demo_nonfio_sku': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + NONFIO_SKU),
      'demo_desc': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + DESC_TXT),
      'demo_cost': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + COST_TXT),
      'demo_ex_cost': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + EX_COST_TXT),
      'demo_msrp': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + MSRP_TXT),
      'demo_ex_msrp': _(DEMO_TXT + ' ' + EX_MSRP_TXT), 

    } 

    exclude = []

5. excel_utils.py

try:
  from BytesIO import BytesIO
except ImportError:
  from io import BytesIO 

import xlsxwriter
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ 

from .models import ExcelDemoData
from .attrs_override import * 

def WriteToExcel(demo_list): 

  output = BytesIO()
  workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(output)
  worksheet_s = workbook.add_worksheet('Smart Buy')
  worksheet_b = workbook.add_worksheet('Part Number List') 

  # excel styles
  title = workbook.add_format({
    'bold': True,
    'font_size': 14,
    'align': 'center',
    'valign': 'vcenter'
  })
  header = workbook.add_format({
    'bg_color': '#F7F7F7',
    'color': 'black',
    'align': 'center',
    'valign': 'top',
    'border': 1
  }) 

  bold_header = workbook.add_format({
    'bold': True,
    'bg_color': '#F7F7F7',
    'color': 'black',
    'align': 'center',
    'valign': 'top',
    'border': 1
  }) 

  cell = workbook.add_format({
    'align': 'left',
    'valign': 'top',
    'text_wrap': True,
    'border': 1
  }) 

  bold_cell = workbook.add_format({
    'bold': True,
    'align': 'left',
    'valign': 'top',
    'text_wrap': True,
    'border': 1
  }) 

  cell_center = workbook.add_format({
    'align': 'center',
    'valign': 'top',
    'border': 1
  }) 

  # write header, this is row 1 in excel
  worksheet_s.write(0, 0, _(HEADER_ITEM_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 1, _(QTY_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 2, _(PART_NUM_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 3, _(NONFIO_SKU), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 4, _(DESC_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 5, _(COST_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 6, _(EX_COST_TXT), header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 7, _(MSRP_TXT), bold_header)
  worksheet_s.write(0, 8, _(EX_MSRP_TXT), header) 

  # column widths
  item_name_col_width = 20
  qty_col_width = 10
  part_num_col_width = 20
  nonfio_sku_col_width = 30
  desc_col_width = 80
  cost_col_width = 10
  ex_cost_col_width= 10
  msrp_col_width = 10
  ex_msrp_col_width = 10 

  # add data into the table
  data_row = 1
  second_sheet_data_row = 0
  for sb in demo_list: 

    if data_row is not 1:
      for index in range(9):
        worksheet_s.write(data_row, index, '', cell)
      data_row += 1 

    # this is for smartbuy row, row 2 in excel
    worksheet_s.write_string(data_row, 0, _(SMART_BUY_TXT), cell)
    if not sb.demo_qty:
      sb.demo_qty = ''
    worksheet_s.write(data_row, 1, sb.demo_qty, cell)
    if not sb.demo_part_number:
      sb.demo_part_number = ''
    worksheet_s.write_string(data_row, 2, sb.demo_part_number, bold_cell)
    worksheet_b.write_string(second_sheet_data_row, 0, sb.demo_part_number, cell)
    second_sheet_data_row += 1
    if not sb.demo_nonfio_sku:
       sb.demo_nonfio_sku = ''
    worksheet_s.write_string(data_row, 3, sb.demo_nonfio_sku, cell)
    if not sb.demo_desc:
      sb.demo_desc = ''
    worksheet_s.write_string(data_row, 4, sb.demo_desc, cell)
    if not sb.demo_cost:
      sb.demo_cost = ''
    worksheet_s.write(data_row, 5, sb.demo_cost, cell)
    if not sb.demo_ex_cost:
      sb.demo_ex_cost = ''
    worksheet_s.write(data_row, 6, sb.demo_ex_cost, cell)
    if not sb.demo_msrp:
      sb.demo_msrp = ''
    worksheet_s.write(data_row, 7, sb.demo_msrp, bold_cell)
    if not sb.demo_ex_msrp:
       sb.demo_ex_msrp = ''
    worksheet_s.write(data_row, 8, sb.demo_ex_msrp, cell) 

    # for each smart buy data end <<<------ 

    # change column widths
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('A:A', item_name_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('B:B', qty_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('C:C', part_num_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('D:D', nonfio_sku_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('E:E', desc_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('F:F', cost_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('G:G', ex_cost_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('H:H', msrp_col_width)
    if sb.demo_qty: worksheet_s.set_column('I:I', ex_msrp_col_width) 

    # for each smart buy data end <<<------ 

    # change column widths
    worksheet_s.set_column('A:A', item_name_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('B:B', qty_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('C:C', part_num_col_width)
    worksheet_b.set_column('A:A', part_num_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('D:D', nonfio_sku_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('E:E', desc_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('F:F', cost_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('G:G', ex_cost_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('H:H', msrp_col_width)
    worksheet_s.set_column('I:I', ex_msrp_col_width) 

  # close workbook
  workbook.close()
  xlsx_data = output.getvalue()
  return xlsx_data

6. html

{% extends "base.html" %} 

{% block content %} 

<div id="form_body" style="margin:20px;">
  <table class="table">
    <tr>
      <td style="float: left"><a href="{% url 'home' %}" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Back</a></td>
      <td style="float: right">
        {% if export_all %}
      <a href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-primary" role="button" data-loading-text="<i class='fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin'></i> Processing Export..." id="export_all_excel_a" onclick="javascript: getExportExcels('all');">Export All to Excel</a>
      {% endif %}</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  </div>
  <div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table table-bordered usr_def_tbl">
    <thead class="thead-inverse">
      <tr style="font-size:14px; text-align: center;">
       <th> </th>
       <th>Qty</th>
       <th>Part Number</th>
       <th>NonFIO SKU</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Cost</th>
       <th>Ex.Cost</th>
       <th>MSRP</th>
       <th>ex.MSRP</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      {% for s in demo_list %} 

      <!-- this is demo list sections -->
      <tr>
        <td>Demo</td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_qty %}{{ s.demo_qty }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_part_number %}{{ s.demo_part_number }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_nonfio_sku %}{{ s.demo_nonfio_sku }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_desc %}{{ s.demo_desc }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_cost %}{{ s.demo_cost }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_ex_cost %}{{ s.demo_ex_cost }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_msrp %}{{ s.demo_msrp }}{% endif %} </td>
        <td>{% if s.demo_ex_msrp %}{{ s.demo_ex_msrp }}{% endif %}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="7"></td>
         <td style="text-align:right">
          <a href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-primary part_num_flag" role="button" onclick="javascript: getExportExcels('{{ s.pk }}');" data-loading-text="<i class='fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin'></i> Processing Export..." id="sgl_export_{{ s.pk }}" >Export to Excel</a>
        </td>
        <td style="text-align:right">
          <a href="{% url 'demo_edit_id' pk=s.pk%}" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-primary" role="button" value="{{ s.pk }}">Edit</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      {% endfor %}
    </tbody> 

  <p></p>
  </table> 

</div> 

<script type="text/javascript">
function getExportExcels(pn_id){
  if(pn_id == 'all'){
    var post_url = '/demo/exportall/';
    location.replace(post_url);
  }
  else{
    var post_url = '/demo/export/';
    location.replace(post_url + pn_id);
  }
}  

</script>
{% endblock content %}

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