C++利用静态成员或类模板构建链表的方法讲解

直接上代码了，说明看注释就可以：

利用静态成员构建链表

#include <IOSTREAM.H> 

class Node
{
public:
  Node(int val, Node* next):val(val),next(next){}
  //~Node(){cout<<"del "<<val<<endl;}
  static void showAll();//打印全部节点的值
  static void insertHead(int);//头插
  static void insertTail(int);//尾插
  static void delHead();//删头
  static void delTail();//删尾
  static void clear();//清空
protected:
  int val;
  Node *next;
  static Node *head;
private:
}; 

Node* Node::head = 0; 

void Node::showAll(){//打印全部节点的值
  Node *p = head;
  while (p)
  {
    cout<<p->val<<" ";
    p = p->next;
  }
  cout<<endl;
} 

void Node::insertHead(int val){//头插
  Node *p = new Node(val, head);
  head = p;
} 

void Node::insertTail(int val){//尾插
  Node *p = new Node(val, 0);
  if (!head)
  {
    head = p;
    return;
  }
  Node *q = head;
  while (q->next)
  {
    q = q->next;
  }
  q->next = p;
} 

void Node::delHead(){//删头
  Node *p = head;
  if (head)
  {
    head = head->next;
    delete p;
  }
} 

void Node::delTail(){//删尾
  if (!head)
  {
    return;
  }
  if (!(head->next))
  {
    delete(head);
    head = NULL;
    return;
  }
  Node *p = head;
  while (p->next->next)
  {
    p = p->next;
  }
  delete(p->next);
  p->next = NULL;
} 

void Node::clear(){//清空
  Node *p = head;
  Node *q = 0;
  head = 0;
  while (p)
  {
    q = p;
    p = p->next;
    delete q;
  }
} 

void main(){
  Node::delHead();
  Node::delTail();
  Node::insertTail(2);
  Node::delTail();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
    Node::insertTail(i + 1);
  }
  Node::delTail();
  Node::showAll();
}

利用类模板构建链表
这有点类似于list<>：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std; 

template<class T> class Node//创建一个类模板，一个可以放入任何类型节点的链表
{
public:
  Node(T val, Node* next):val(val),next(next){}
  static void showAll();//打印全部节点的值
  static void insertHead(T);//头插
  static void insertTail(T);//尾插
  static void delHead();//删头
  static void delTail();//删尾
  static void clear();//清空
protected:
  T val;
  Node *next;
  static Node *head;
private:
}; 

template<class T> Node<T>* Node<T>::head = 0; 

template<class T> void Node<T>::showAll(){//打印全部节点的值
  Node *p = head;
  while (p)
  {
    cout<<p->val<<" ";
    p = p->next;
  }
  cout<<endl;
} 

template<class T> void Node<T>::insertHead(T val){//头插
  Node *p = new Node(val, head);
  head = p;
} 

template<class T> void Node<T>::insertTail(T val){//尾插
  Node *p = new Node(val, 0);
  if (!head)
  {
    head = p;
    return;
  }
  Node *q = head;
  while (q->next)
  {
    q = q->next;
  }
  q->next = p;
} 

template<class T> void Node<T>::delHead(){//删头
  Node *p = head;
  if (head)
  {
    head = head->next;
    delete p;
  }
} 

template<class T> void Node<T>::delTail(){//删尾
  if (!head)
  {
    return;
  }
  if (!(head->next))
  {
    delete(head);
    head = NULL;
    return;
  }
  Node *p = head;
  while (p->next->next)
  {
    p = p->next;
  }
  delete(p->next);
  p->next = NULL;
} 

template<class T> void Node<T>::clear(){//清空
  Node *p = head;
  Node *q = 0;
  head = 0;
  while (p)
  {
    q = p;
    p = p->next;
    delete q;
  }
} 

class Student//创建一个自定义的学生类
{
public:
  Student(string name, int age,char sex):name(name), age(age), sex(sex){}
  void showInfo(){
    cout<<"姓名:"<<name<<" 年龄:"<<age<<" 性别:"<<sex<<endl;
  }
protected:
  string name;
  int age;
  char sex;
private:
}; 

void Node<Student>::showAll(){//学生类节点和其他基本数据类型不同，不能直接用<<输出，所以重载showAll()
  Node *p = head;
  while (p)
  {
    p->val.showInfo();
    p = p->next;
  }
} 

void main(){
  for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
  {
    Node<int>::insertTail(i);//这时Node<int>称为一个用类模板生成的模板类
    Node<float>::insertTail(i / 10.0f);
    Node<double>::insertTail(i / 10.00);
    Node<Student>::insertTail(Student("stu", i, 'F'));
  }
  Node<int>::showAll();
  Node<float>::showAll();
  Node<double>::showAll();
  Node<Student>::showAll();
}