详解java封装实现Excel建表读写操作

对 Excel 进行读写操作是生产环境下常见的业务，网上搜索的实现方式都是基于POI和JXL第三方框架，但都不是很全面。小编由于这两天刚好需要用到，于是就参考手写了一个封装操作工具，基本涵盖了Excel表（分有表头和无表头）的创建，并对它们进行读写操作。为方便大家，有需要者可以点击文后点解下载直接使用哦，当然也可以根据自己需求举一反三自己定制，相信对于聪明的你也不是什么难事。话不多说，直接贴源码

pom.xml 文件：

<properties>
 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
 <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
 </properties>

 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.11</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
  <version>3.17</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <version>1.18.0</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
  <version>1.8.0-beta2</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.17</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
  <version>1.8.0-beta2</version>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>

建表工具类：ExcelBuider.java

/**
   * 建表工具类
   * @author Sherman
   * email:1253950375@qq.com
   * created in 2018/8/24
   */
  @Slf4j
  public class ExcelBuilder {

   private static HSSFSheet sheet;
   private static HSSFWorkbook wb;
   private static boolean hasHeader;

   /**
    * 初始化
    * @param excellName 表名
    */
   public ExcelBuilder(String excellName) {
    wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    sheet = wb.createSheet(excellName);
   }

   /**
    * 设置表头，装配表头数据
    * @param value 字符串数组，用来作为表头的值
    *
    */
   public ExcelBuilder header(String... value) {
    if (value != null && value.length != 0) {
     //设置表头样式
     HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
     cellStyle.setFont(font("黑体", true, 12));
     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
      HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
      cell.setCellValue(value[i]);
      cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
     }
     hasHeader = true;
    }
    return this;
 }

 /**
  * excel 表内容装配
  * @param content 待装配表格内容的二维数组
  * @return
  */
 public ExcelBuilder content(List<List<Object>> content) {
  if (content != null && !content.isEmpty()) {
   int index;
   for (int i = 0; i < content.size(); i++) {
    index = hasHeader == false ? i : i + 1;
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(index);
    for (int j = 0; j < content.get(i).size(); j++) {
     String r = "";
     Object value = content.get(i).get(j);
     //根据数据类型装配
     if (value instanceof String) {
      r = (String) value;
     } else if (value instanceof Number) {
      r = String.valueOf(value);
     } else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
      r = String.valueOf(value);
     } else {
      if (!(value instanceof Date) && !(value instanceof Timestamp)) {
       if (!(value instanceof ZonedDateTime) && !(value instanceof LocalDateTime)) {
        if (value instanceof Enum) {
         r = ((Enum) value).name();
        } else if (value != null) {

         log.info("Error of create row, Unknow field type: " + value.getClass().getName());
        }
       } else {
        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
        r = formatter.format((TemporalAccessor) value);
       }
      } else {
       DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
       r = sdf.format(value);
      }
     }

     row.createCell(j).setCellValue(r);
    }
   }
  }
  return this;
 }

 /**
  * 自动调整列宽大小
  */
 public ExcelBuilder autoColumnWidth() {
  for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum(); j++) {
   int maxLength = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); i++) {
    String value = sheet.getRow(i).getCell(j).getStringCellValue();
    int length = 0;
    if (value != null) {
     length = value.getBytes().length;
    }
    if (length > maxLength) {
     maxLength = length;
    }
   }
   sheet.setColumnWidth(j, maxLength > 30 ? (30 * 256 + 186) : (maxLength * 256 + 186));
  }
  return this;
 }

 /**
  * 实例化
  * @param hasHeader 是否有表头
  * @return Excel表格
  */
 public AbstractExcel build(Boolean hasHeader) {
  return hasHeader ? new HeaderExcel(sheet) : new NoHeaderExcel(sheet);
 }

 /**
  *
  * @param fontName 字体名字
  * @param isBold 是否粗体
  * @param fontSize 字体大小
  * @return 字体
  */
 private HSSFFont font(String fontName, boolean isBold, int fontSize) {
  HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
  if (fontName != null) font.setFontName(fontName);
  else font.setFontName("黑体");
  font.setBold(isBold);
  font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) fontSize);
  return font;
 }

}

excel的抽象父类：

/**
 * @author Sherman
 * created in 2018/8/24
 */

public abstract class AbstractExcel {
 private final HSSFSheet sheet;

 public AbstractExcel() {
  HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
  sheet = wb.createSheet();
 }

 public AbstractExcel(String sheetName){
  HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
  sheet = wb.createSheet(sheetName);
 }

 public AbstractExcel(HSSFSheet sheet) {
  this.sheet = sheet;
 }

 public abstract List<Map<String, String>> getPayload();

 public void write(OutputStream op) throws IOException {
  sheet.getWorkbook().write(op);
  sheet.getWorkbook().close();
 }

 public String getStringFormatCellValue(HSSFCell cell) {
  String cellVal = "";
  DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#");
  switch (cell.getCellTypeEnum()) {
   case STRING:
    cellVal = cell.getStringCellValue();
    break;
   case NUMERIC:
    String dataFormat = cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormatString();
    if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
     cellVal = df.format(cell.getDateCellValue());
    } else if ("@".equals(dataFormat)) {
     cellVal = df.format(cell.getNumericCellValue());
    } else {
     cellVal = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
     df = new DecimalFormat("#.#########");
     cellVal = df.format(Double.valueOf(cellVal));
    }
    break;
   case BOOLEAN:
    cellVal = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
    break;
   case FORMULA:
    cellVal = String.valueOf(cell.getCellFormula());
    break;
   default:
    cellVal = "";
  }
  return cellVal;
 }

}

有表头实现类

/**
 * @author Sherman
 * created in 2018/8/24
 */

public class HeaderExcel extends AbstractExcel {
 private final static boolean hasHeader = true;
 private final HSSFSheet sheet;

 public HeaderExcel(HSSFSheet sheet) {
  super(sheet);
  this.sheet = sheet;
 }

 public HeaderExcel(String sheetName, String excelPath) {
  HSSFWorkbook wb = null;
  try {
   wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(excelPath)));
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  sheet = sheetName == null || sheetName.isEmpty() ? wb.getSheetAt(0) : wb.getSheet(sheetName);
 }

 @Override
 public List<Map<String, String>> getPayload() {
  List<Map<String, String>> payLoad = new ArrayList<>();
  HSSFRow headRow = sheet.getRow(0);
  for (int i = 1; i <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); i++) {
   HSSFRow currentRow = sheet.getRow(i);
   Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
   for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getRow(i).getLastCellNum(); j++) {
    map.put(getStringFormatCellValue(headRow.getCell(j)), getStringFormatCellValue(currentRow.getCell(j)));
   }
   payLoad.add(map);
  }
  return payLoad;
 }

}

无表头实现类

/**
 * @author Sherman
 * created in 2018/8/24
 */

public class NoHeaderExcel extends AbstractExcel {
 private final static boolean hasHeader = false;
 private HSSFSheet sheet;

 public NoHeaderExcel(HSSFSheet sheet) {
  super(sheet);
  this.sheet = sheet;
 }

 public NoHeaderExcel(String sheetName, String excelPath) {
  HSSFWorkbook wb = null;
  try {
   wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(excelPath)));
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  sheet = sheetName == null || sheetName.isEmpty() ? wb.getSheetAt(0) : wb.getSheet(sheetName);
 }

 @Override
 public List<Map<String, String>> getPayload() {
  List<Map<String, String>> payLoad = new ArrayList<>();
  for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getLastRowNum(); i++) {
   HSSFRow currentRow = sheet.getRow(i);
   Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
   for (int j = 0; j <= sheet.getRow(i).getLastCellNum(); j++) {
    map.put(String.valueOf(j), getStringFormatCellValue(currentRow.getCell(j)));
   }
   payLoad.add(map);
  }
  return payLoad;
 }

}

测试工具类：

/**
 * Unit test for simple App.
 */
public class AppTest
{
 /**
  * 测试建表，写表操作
  */
 @Test
 public void testExportExcel()
 {
  //测试数据
  String[] headers = new String[]{"A","B","C","D","E"};
   List<List<Object>> valueList = new LinkedList<>();
  for (char i = 'A'; i <= 'E' ; i++) {
   List<Object> rowList = new LinkedList<>();
   for (int j = 0; j <= 4; j++) {
    rowList.add(i+String.valueOf(j));
   }
   valueList.add(rowList);
  }

 AbstractExcel excel = new ExcelBuilder("报名表")
   .header(headers)
   .content(valueList)
   .autoColumnWidth()
   .build(true);

  try {
   File file = new File("E:\\excel\\test.xls");
   FileOutputStream op = new FileOutputStream(file);
   excel.write(op);
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 /**
  * 测试读取表数据操作
  */
 @Test
 public void testImportExcel(){
  AbstractExcel excel = new HeaderExcel(null,"E:/excel/test.xls");
  List<Map<String,String>> values = excel.getPayload();
  values.forEach(stringStringMap -> {
   stringStringMap.entrySet().forEach(stringStringEntry -> {
    System.out.println(stringStringEntry.getKey()+"---->"+stringStringEntry.getValue());
   });

  });
 }

}

附图：

测试1

测试二：

看起来效果还不错，当然还有很多不完善的地方，有需要的朋友可以在此基础上扩展定制，例如读取表数据结构方式，实现行数增删改查据或者创建表标题等等。

或者有朋友有更好的实现方案，欢迎前来交流！

最后的最后，当然忘不了附上笨工具的源码啦！

https://github.com/yumiaoxia/excel-commom-demo.git