Android使用Room操作数据库流程详解
目录
- 1. 创建实体类User
- 2. 创建DAO
- 3. 数据库
- 4. 使用
Room的三个主要组件:
- 数据库类,用于保存数据库并作为应用持久性数据底层连接的主要访问点。
- 数据实体,@Entity,表示数据库中的表。
- 数据访问对象 (DAO),@Dao,提供查询、更新、插入和删除数据的方法。
build.gradle添加
dependencies {
def room_version = "2.4.3"implementation "android.arch.persistence.room:runtime:$room_version"
annotationProcessor "android.arch.persistence.room:compiler:$room_version"implementation "android.arch.persistence.room:rxjava2:$room_version"
testImplementation "android.arch.persistence.room:testing:$room_version"
}
1. 创建实体类User
@Entity(tableName = "users") public class User { @PrimaryKey public int uid; @ColumnInfo(name = "first_name") public String firstName; @ColumnInfo(name = "last_name") public String lastName; }
@Entity实体类,users表的名称,不加默认user
@ColumnInfo列名
@PrimaryKey主键
2. 创建DAO
@Dao public interface UserDao { @Query("SELECT * FROM user") List<User> getAll(); @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE uid IN (:userIds)") List<User> loadAllByIds(int[] userIds); @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE first_name LIKE :first AND " + "last_name LIKE :last LIMIT 1") User findByName(String first, String last); @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE) void insertAll(User... users); @Delete void delete(User user); }
增,删,改:将实例与表的主键进行匹配
查询结果将自动映射到对应类型的字段,若未映射将报警告
3. 数据库
抽象类AppDatabase 定义数据库配置,并作为应用对持久性数据的主要访问点,扩展了RommDataBase
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1, exportSchema = false) public abstract class AppDataBase extends RoomDatabase { public abstract UserDao userDao(); }
4. 使用
AppDataBase db = Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(), AppDataBase.class, "database-name").build(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { User user = new User(); user.uid = i; user.firstName = "Shell" + i; user.lastName = "Hub" + i; db.userDao().insertAll( user); List<User> userList = db.userDao().getAll(); for(User user1 : userList) { Log.d("mip",""+user1.firstName); } }
为了节约获取数据库的时间和资源,采取单例模式
简单实现:
public class Utils { private static AppDataBase db = null; private static Context context = null; public static AppDataBase getDb(){ if( db == null) { db = Room.databaseBuilder(context, AppDataBase.class, "database-name").build(); } return db; } public static void setContext(Context context){ Utils.context = context; } }
调用
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Utils.setContext(getApplicationContext()); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { AppDataBase db = Utils.getDb(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { User user = new User(); user.uid = i; user.firstName = "Shell" + i; user.lastName = "Hub" + i; db.userDao().insertAll( user); List<User> userList = db.userDao().getAll(); for(User user1 : userList) { Log.d("mip",""+user1.firstName); } } } }).start(); } }
路过的大佬们有更好的单例实现请告诉我一下,
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