使用python+pygame开发消消乐游戏附完整源码

效果是这样的 ↓ ↓ ↓

一、环境要求

windows系统，python3.6+ pip21+

开发环境搭建地址

一起来学pygame吧 游戏开发30例（开篇词）——环境搭建+游戏效果展示

安装游戏依赖模块
pip install pygame

二、游戏简介

消消乐应该大家都玩过，或者看过。这个花里胡哨的小游戏

用python的pygame来实现，很简单。

今天带大家，用Python来实现一下这个花里胡哨的小游戏。

三、完整开发流程

1、项目主结构

首先，先整理一下项目的主结构，其实看一下主结构，基本就清晰了

modules：相关定义的Python类位置
——game.py:主模块

res：存放引用到的图片、音频等等
——audios:音频资源
——imgs:图片资源
——fonts：字体

cfg.py：为主配置文件

xxls.py：主程序文件

requirements.txt：需要引入的python依赖包

2、详细配置

cfg.py

配置文件中，需要引入os模块，并且配置打开游戏的屏幕大小。

'''主配置文件'''
import os

'''屏幕设置大小'''
SCREENSIZE = (700, 700)
'''元素尺寸'''
NUMGRID = 8
GRIDSIZE = 64
XMARGIN = (SCREENSIZE[0] - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2
YMARGIN = (SCREENSIZE[1] - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2
'''获取根目录'''
ROOTDIR = os.getcwd()
'''FPS'''
FPS = 30

3、消消乐所有图形加载

game.py：第一部分

把整个项目放在一整个game.py模块下了，把这个代码文件拆开解读一下。

拼图精灵类：首先通过配置文件中，获取方块精灵的路径，加载到游戏里。

定义move()移动模块的函数，这个移动比较简单。模块之间，只有相邻的可以相互移动。

'''
Function:
    主游戏
'''
import sys
import time
import random
import pygame

'''拼图精灵类'''
class pacerSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, img_path, size, position, downlen, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.image.load(img_path)
        self.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image, size)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position
        self.downlen = downlen
        self.target_x = position[0]
        self.target_y = position[1] + downlen
        self.type = img_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
        self.fixed = False
        self.speed_x = 9
        self.speed_y = 9
        self.direction = 'down'
    def move(self):
                #下移
        if self.direction == 'down':
            self.rect.top = min(self.target_y, self.rect.top+self.speed_y)
            if self.target_y == self.rect.top:
                self.fixed = True
                #上移
        elif self.direction == 'up':
            self.rect.top = max(self.target_y, self.rect.top-self.speed_y)
            if self.target_y == self.rect.top:
                self.fixed = True
                #左移
        elif self.direction == 'left':
            self.rect.left = max(self.target_x, self.rect.left-self.speed_x)
            if self.target_x == self.rect.left:
                self.fixed = True
                #右移
        elif self.direction == 'right':
            self.rect.left = min(self.target_x, self.rect.left+self.speed_x)
            if self.target_x == self.rect.left:
                self.fixed = True
    '''获取当前坐标'''
    def getPosition(self):
        return self.rect.left, self.rect.top
    '''设置星星坐标'''
    def setPosition(self, position):
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position

4、随机生成初始布局、相邻消除、自动下落

game.py 第二部分

设置游戏主窗口启动的标题，设置启动游戏的主方法。

'''主游戏类'''
class pacerGame():
    def __init__(self, screen, sounds, font, pacer_imgs, cfg, **kwargs):
        self.info = 'pacer'
        self.screen = screen
        self.sounds = sounds
        self.font = font
        self.pacer_imgs = pacer_imgs
        self.cfg = cfg
        self.reset()
    '''开始游戏'''
    def start(self):
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        # 遍历整个游戏界面更新位置
        overall_moving = True
        # 指定某些对象个体更新位置
        individual_moving = False
        # 定义一些必要的变量
        pacer_selected_xy = None
        pacer_selected_xy2 = None
        swap_again = False
        add_score = 0
        add_score_showtimes = 10
        time_pre = int(time.time())
        # 游戏主循环
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                    if (not overall_moving) and (not individual_moving) and (not add_score):
                        position = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        if pacer_selected_xy is None:
                            pacer_selected_xy = self.checkSelected(position)
                        else:
                            pacer_selected_xy2 = self.checkSelected(position)
                            if pacer_selected_xy2:
                                if self.swappacer(pacer_selected_xy, pacer_selected_xy2):
                                    individual_moving = True
                                    swap_again = False
                                else:
                                    pacer_selected_xy = None
            if overall_moving:
                overall_moving = not self.droppacers(0, 0)
                # 移动一次可能可以拼出多个3连块
                if not overall_moving:
                    res_match = self.isMatch()
                    add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match)
                    if add_score > 0:
                        overall_moving = True
            if individual_moving:
                pacer1 = self.getpacerByPos(*pacer_selected_xy)
                pacer2 = self.getpacerByPos(*pacer_selected_xy2)
                pacer1.move()
                pacer2.move()
                if pacer1.fixed and pacer2.fixed:
                    res_match = self.isMatch()
                    if res_match[0] == 0 and not swap_again:
                        swap_again = True
                        self.swappacer(pacer_selected_xy, pacer_selected_xy2)
                        self.sounds['mismatch'].play()
                    else:
                        add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match)
                        overall_moving = True
                        individual_moving = False
                        pacer_selected_xy = None
                        pacer_selected_xy2 = None
            self.screen.fill((135, 206, 235))
            self.drawGrids()
            self.pacers_group.draw(self.screen)
            if pacer_selected_xy:
                self.drawBlock(self.getpacerByPos(*pacer_selected_xy).rect)
            if add_score:
                if add_score_showtimes == 10:
                    random.choice(self.sounds['match']).play()
                self.drawAddScore(add_score)
                add_score_showtimes -= 1
                if add_score_showtimes < 1:
                    add_score_showtimes = 10
                    add_score = 0
            self.remaining_time -= (int(time.time()) - time_pre)
            time_pre = int(time.time())
            self.showRemainingTime()
            self.drawScore()
            if self.remaining_time <= 0:
                return self.score
            pygame.display.update()
            clock.tick(self.cfg.FPS)

5、随机初始化消消乐的主图内容

game.py 第三部分

详细注释，都写在代码里了。大家一定要看一遍，不要跑起来，就不管了哦

'''初始化'''
    def reset(self):
        # 随机生成各个块(即初始化游戏地图各个元素)
        while True:
            self.all_pacers = []
            self.pacers_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
            for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                self.all_pacers.append([])
                for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                    pacer = pacerSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.pacer_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+x*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+y*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE-self.cfg.NUMGRID*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.NUMGRID*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE)
                    self.all_pacers[x].append(pacer)
                    self.pacers_group.add(pacer)
            if self.isMatch()[0] == 0:
                break
        # 得分
        self.score = 0
        # 拼出一个的奖励
        self.reward = 10
        # 时间
        self.remaining_time = 300
    '''显示剩余时间'''
    def showRemainingTime(self):
        remaining_time_render = self.font.render('CountDown: %ss' % str(self.remaining_time), 1, (85, 65, 0))
        rect = remaining_time_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (self.cfg.SCREENSIZE[0]-201, 6)
        self.screen.blit(remaining_time_render, rect)
    '''显示得分'''
    def drawScore(self):
        score_render = self.font.render('SCORE:'+str(self.score), 1, (85, 65, 0))
        rect = score_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (10, 6)
        self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)
    '''显示加分'''
    def drawAddScore(self, add_score):
        score_render = self.font.render('+'+str(add_score), 1, (255, 100, 100))
        rect = score_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (250, 250)
        self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)
    '''生成新的拼图块'''
    def generateNewpacers(self, res_match):
        if res_match[0] == 1:
            start = res_match[2]
            while start > -2:
                for each in [res_match[1], res_match[1]+1, res_match[1]+2]:
                    pacer = self.getpacerByPos(*[each, start])
                    if start == res_match[2]:
                        self.pacers_group.remove(pacer)
                        self.all_pacers[each][start] = None
                    elif start >= 0:
                        pacer.target_y += self.cfg.GRIDSIZE
                        pacer.fixed = False
                        pacer.direction = 'down'
                        self.all_pacers[each][start+1] = pacer
                    else:
                        pacer = pacerSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.pacer_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+each*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN-self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.GRIDSIZE)
                        self.pacers_group.add(pacer)
                        self.all_pacers[each][start+1] = pacer
                start -= 1
        elif res_match[0] == 2:
            start = res_match[2]
            while start > -4:
                if start == res_match[2]:
                    for each in range(0, 3):
                        pacer = self.getpacerByPos(*[res_match[1], start+each])
                        self.pacers_group.remove(pacer)
                        self.all_pacers[res_match[1]][start+each] = None
                elif start >= 0:
                    pacer = self.getpacerByPos(*[res_match[1], start])
                    pacer.target_y += self.cfg.GRIDSIZE * 3
                    pacer.fixed = False
                    pacer.direction = 'down'
                    self.all_pacers[res_match[1]][start+3] = pacer
                else:
                    pacer = pacerSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.pacer_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+res_match[1]*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+start*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.GRIDSIZE*3)
                    self.pacers_group.add(pacer)
                    self.all_pacers[res_match[1]][start+3] = pacer
                start -= 1
    '''移除匹配的pacer'''
    def removeMatched(self, res_match):
        if res_match[0] > 0:
            self.generateNewpacers(res_match)
            self.score += self.reward
            return self.reward
        return 0
    '''游戏界面的网格绘制'''
    def drawGrids(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                rect = pygame.Rect((self.cfg.XMARGIN+x*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+y*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE))
                self.drawBlock(rect, color=(0, 0, 255), size=1)
    '''画矩形block框'''
    def drawBlock(self, block, color=(255, 0, 255), size=4):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, color, block, size)
    '''下落特效'''
    def droppacers(self, x, y):
        if not self.getpacerByPos(x, y).fixed:
            self.getpacerByPos(x, y).move()
        if x < self.cfg.NUMGRID - 1:
            x += 1
            return self.droppacers(x, y)
        elif y < self.cfg.NUMGRID - 1:
            x = 0
            y += 1
            return self.droppacers(x, y)
        else:
            return self.isFull()
    '''是否每个位置都有拼图块了'''
    def isFull(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if not self.getpacerByPos(x, y).fixed:
                    return False
        return True
    '''检查有无拼图块被选中'''
    def checkSelected(self, position):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if self.getpacerByPos(x, y).rect.collidepoint(*position):
                    return [x, y]
        return None
    '''是否有连续一样的三个块(无--返回0/水平--返回1/竖直--返回2)'''
    def isMatch(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if x + 2 < self.cfg.NUMGRID:
                    if self.getpacerByPos(x, y).type == self.getpacerByPos(x+1, y).type == self.getpacerByPos(x+2, y).type:
                        return [1, x, y]
                if y + 2 < self.cfg.NUMGRID:
                    if self.getpacerByPos(x, y).type == self.getpacerByPos(x, y+1).type == self.getpacerByPos(x, y+2).type:
                        return [2, x, y]
        return [0, x, y]
    '''根据坐标获取对应位置的拼图对象'''
    def getpacerByPos(self, x, y):
        return self.all_pacers[x][y]
    '''交换拼图'''
    def swappacer(self, pacer1_pos, pacer2_pos):
        margin = pacer1_pos[0] - pacer2_pos[0] + pacer1_pos[1] - pacer2_pos[1]
        if abs(margin) != 1:
            return False
        pacer1 = self.getpacerByPos(*pacer1_pos)
        pacer2 = self.getpacerByPos(*pacer2_pos)
        if pacer1_pos[0] - pacer2_pos[0] == 1:
            pacer1.direction = 'left'
            pacer2.direction = 'right'
        elif pacer1_pos[0] - pacer2_pos[0] == -1:
            pacer2.direction = 'left'
            pacer1.direction = 'right'
        elif pacer1_pos[1] - pacer2_pos[1] == 1:
            pacer1.direction = 'up'
            pacer2.direction = 'down'
        elif pacer1_pos[1] - pacer2_pos[1] == -1:
            pacer2.direction = 'up'
            pacer1.direction = 'down'
        pacer1.target_x = pacer2.rect.left
        pacer1.target_y = pacer2.rect.top
        pacer1.fixed = False
        pacer2.target_x = pacer1.rect.left
        pacer2.target_y = pacer1.rect.top
        pacer2.fixed = False
        self.all_pacers[pacer2_pos[0]][pacer2_pos[1]] = pacer1
        self.all_pacers[pacer1_pos[0]][pacer1_pos[1]] = pacer2
        return True
    '''信息显示'''
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.info

5、资源相关

包括游戏背景音频、图片和字体设计

res主资源目录

audios：加载游戏背景音乐

fonts：记分牌相关字体

imgs：这里存放的是我们的各种小星星的图形，是关键了的哦。如果这个加载不了，

我们的消消乐 就没有任何图形了

6、启动主程序

xxls.py

在主程序中，通过读取配置文件，引入项目资源：包括图片、音频等，并从我们的modules里引入所有我们的模块。

'''
Function:
    消消乐
'''
import os
import sys
import cfg
import pygame
from modules import *

'''主程序'''
def main():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
    pygame.display.set_caption('hacklex')
    # 加载背景音乐
    pygame.mixer.init()
    pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, "res/audios/bg.mp3"))
    pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.6)
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
    # 加载音效
    sounds = {}
    sounds['mismatch'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'res/audios/badswap.wav'))
    sounds['match'] = []
    for i in range(6):
        sounds['match'].append(pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'res/audios/match%s.wav' % i)))

    # 字体显示
    font = pygame.font.Font(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'res/font/font.TTF'), 25)
    # 星星
    pacer_imgs = []
    for i in range(1, 8):
        pacer_imgs.append(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'res/imgs/pacer%s.png' % i))
    # 循环
    game = pacerGame(screen, sounds, font, pacer_imgs, cfg)
    while True:
        score = game.start()
        flag = False
        # 给出选择，玩家选择重玩或者退出
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r:
                    flag = True
            if flag:
                break
            screen.fill((136, 207, 236))
            text0 = 'Final score: %s' % score
            text1 = 'Press <R> to restart the game.'
            text2 = 'Press <Esc> to quit the game.'
            y = 150
            for idx, text in enumerate([text0, text1, text2]):
                text_render = font.render(text, 1, (85, 65, 0))
                rect = text_render.get_rect()
                if idx == 0:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (223, y)
                elif idx == 1:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (133.5, y)
                else:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (126.5, y)
                y += 99
                screen.blit(text_render, rect)
            pygame.display.update()
        game.reset()

'''游戏运行'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

四、如何启动游戏呢？

1、使用开发工具IDE启动

如果的开发工具IDE的环境

例如：VScode、sublimeText、notepad+

pycharm什么的配置了Python环境

可以直接在工具中，运行该游戏。

2、命令行启动

如下图所示

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